农药和化学防治法前景广阔

本文就化学农药所面临的舆论方面的挑战进行了分析，对化学与生命科学，化学农药 生态平衡，以及生物农药和化学农药的关系等问题作了论述，并从近几十年来学的研究，高效安全性农药的发展，新型化学农药的分子水平研究开发技术以及农药应用工艺滨 长足进步等方面指出，农药和化学防治技术仍将继续发展进步，前景广阔。     

国外农药开发现状与中间体需求（2）

国外农药开发现状与中间体需求（２）刘长令（化工部沈阳化工研究院，沈阳１１００２１）三、新近开发的农药及中间体需求近几年新出现的农药类型很多，本文仅对部分类型（文献较多或参与公司较多的）予以介绍。１．吡啶系列农药吡啶类杀菌剂有已知的啶斑肟及新近开发的Ｉ...     

高效液相色谱法同时测定多种杀虫剂的有效成分

建立了用高效液相色谱法测定农药市场上常见的8种杀虫剂及2种禁限用农药有效成分的分析方法。采用C18柱(150L×4.6mm),以乙腈-水为流动相,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明,样品的加标回收率为90.0%¹02.0%,相对标准偏差为0.01%102.0%,相对标准偏差为0.01%¹.47%。该方法简单、快速、结果准确,可作为单剂、复配制剂同时测定其有效成分的方法。     

水性化拟除虫菊酯卫生用悬乳剂配方的研究

介绍了一种水性化卫生杀虫悬乳剂新配方,生测结果表明其对蚊蝇杀灭效果与对照药剂相当,而击倒速度更快。     

近代杀虫剂的研究进展

主要介绍了近代有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯及杂环杀虫剂研究进展,指出开发高效、低毒、低残留农药是农药的发展方向。     

基于ISFET的农药检测生物传感技术

随着微电子、生物技术的发展,离子敏场效应晶体管(ISFET)生物传感技术已应用于农药检测,并显示出较好的优越性,而我国对基于ISFET的农药检测生物技术研究尚未展开。简单介绍了基于IS-FET的生物传感器的结构、原理,重点探讨了其在农药检测方面的研究应用,分析了ISFET生物传感器存在的问题与未来的发展。     

Contaminants in organically and conventionally produced winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Belgium

A database has been compiled with the levels of important contaminants (mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides) measured from 2002 to 2005 in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Belgium according to the organic and conventional farming systems. Assuming no further change in contaminant levels during cereal processing and during the preparation of foodstuffs, conservative intakes are estimated for the consumers of cereal-based products such as flour, bread, breakfast cereals, dough and pastry. The results show that for the consumer of organic foodstuffs, estimated daily intakes are 0.56 µg deoxynivalenol (DON), 0.03 µg zearalenone (ZEA), 0.19 µg Cd, 0.28 µg Pb and 0.0006 µg Hg kg^-1 body weight, taking into account the average contaminant levels in unprocessed grains and the average cereal products consumptions in Belgium. For the consumers of conventional foodstuffs, the corresponding estimated daily intakes are 0.99 µg DON, 0.06 µg ZEA, 0.17 µg Cd, 0.12 µg Pb and 0.0007 µg Hg kg^-1 body weight. In addition, it appears that for the consumers of conventional products, intakes of some post-harvest insecticides have to be taken into account (0.11 µg chlorpyriphos-methyl, 0.2 µg dichlorvos and 0.24 µg pirimiphos-methyl kg^-1 bw). When expressed as a percentage of the tolerable/acceptable daily intake (TDI/ADI), it seems that the corresponding estimated (conservative) intakes are the highest for DON (56% for organic and 99% for conventional cereal products), ZEA (16% for organic and 32% for conventional cereal products), and Cd (19% for organic and 17% for conventional cereal products), all other estimated intakes of contaminants (including pesticides) being lower than 10% of the TDI/ADI.     

Determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in fruit and vegetables using SAX/PSA clean-up column

A study was conducted to investigate the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables from market in Malaysia. Gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was used to determine the concentrations of pesticide residues and SAX/PSA was used as a clean-up. Cypermethrin was detected in 38 of 302 vegetable samples with a mean value of 0.47 mg/kg. The mean value of cypermethrin for tomato, chinese parsley, chinese celery, chilli, brinjal, french beans, green mustard and capsicum ranged from 0.16 to 1.48 mg/kg. The mean values for all samples were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) allowed by the Malaysian Food Regulations except for brinjal. None of the 206 fruit samples tested showed any pesticide residue.     

Controlling Diffuse Pollution of Groundwater from Agriculture and Industry

The greatest threat of contamination to groundwater resources is posed by pollutants from diffuse sources, yet legislation in the UK has until recently been focused on point sources. The problem of widespread pollution from industrial sources is described and compared with that from agriculture. The legislative controls available under the Water Resources Act 1991 are outlined, and the approach adopted by the National Rivers Authority in its Groundwater Protection Policy is discussed with respect to the concept of groundwater vulnerability.