Digital Image Analysis to Standardize a Photometric Method in Colorimetric Quantification

Abstract

Techniques applying digital images increasingly have been used in biology, medicine, physics, and other research areas. The image coordinates can represent light intensities values to be detected by a CCD. Based on this concept, a photometric system composed of a LED source and a digital camera as a detector was used for optical density measurements. Standards for permanganate, glucose, and protein solutions were determined by colorimetric methods using our device. Samples of protein of Pasteurella mutocida bacteria membrane and, also, fractions of rabbit kidney membrane, rich in Na, K‐ATPase, with unknown concentrations were dosed through the Hartree method using our photometric system.     

网络安全事件危害度的量化评估

为评价安全事件造成的危害程度,从网络系统可用性的角度出发提出基于性能指标的网络安全事 件危害度量化评估方法,选取路由器节点与链路等网络底层关键组成部分的性能评价指标,利用网络熵值量 化描述网络底层性能属性,用网络熵值在安全事件攻击前后的变化来度量攻击对网络可用性的影响程度．搭 建了大规模网络蠕虫攻击事件模拟试验平台,采用省级节点的实际网络环境进行验证．实验结果表明,在攻 击发生时,选取的底层性能指标能有效反映网络的危害程度,省级节点实验更一步验证该方法能有效地应用 于大规模网络可用性量化评估中     

遗传算法的改进及其工程应用研究

控制器参数的优劣对工业控制器的性能影响较大,参数寻优也是当前智能算法的主要研究的方向之一。遗传算法因其优良的寻优能力得到了广泛的发展,但其本身尚存在诸多问题有待改进。针对传统遗传算法种群多样性较差、优化过程中易过早收敛的缺点,在传统遗传算法的基础上提出并加入了一种种群精简优化算法,提高了寻优精度。将该算法应用于工业转炉汽包液位控制系统参数寻优,提高了液位控制精度。     

Effects of sample drying and storage,and choice of extraction solvent and analysis method on the yield of birch leaf hydrolyzable tannins

In this study, I investigated the effects of different methods of sample drying and storage, and the choice of extraction solvent and analysis method on the concentrations of 14 individual hydrolyzable tannins (HTs), and insoluble ellagitannins in birch (Betula pubescens) leaves. Freeze- and vacuum-drying of birch leaves were found to provide more reliable results than air- or oven-drying. Storage of leaves at –20C for 3 months before freeze-drying did not cause major changes in tannin content, although levels of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloylglucose and isostrictinin were altered. Storage of dried leaf material at –20C is preferred because 1 year storage of freeze-dried leaves at 4C and at room temperature decreased the concentration of the pedunculagin derivative, one of the main ellagitannins of birch. Furthermore, storage at room temperature increased the levels of isostrictinin and 2,3-(S)-HHDP-glucose, indicating possible HT catabolism. Of the extraction solvents tested, aqueous acetone was superior to pure acetone, or aqueous or pure methanol. The addition of 0.1% ascorbic acid into 70% acetone significantly increased the yield of ellagitannins, presumably by preventing their oxidation. By comparing the conventional rhodanine assay and the HPLC–ESI-MS assay for quantification of leaf galloylglucoses, the former tends to underestimate total concentrations of galloylglucoses in birch leaf extract. On the basis of the outcomes of all the method and solvent comparisons, their suitability for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant HTs is discussed, emphasizing that each plant species, with its presumably unique HT composition, is likely to have a unique combination of ideal conditions for tissue preservation and extraction.     

Methodological approaches for histamine quantification using derivatization by chloroethylnitrosourea and ELISA measurement. Part II: Optimisation of the derivatization step

In a previous paper (part I), new strategy was used for raising antibodies against hapten (< 300 Da) and the quantification of these hapten by ELISA using derivatization by chloroethyl nitrosourea (CENU). After raising antibodies against histamine, they were characterized and used for ELISA measurements. Optimal detection conditions were determined for the histamine quantification by ELISA method. The present study investigates the derivatization step of the histamine by chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU). Five factors (2 qualitative: nature of the solvent and nature of the antibodies and 3 quantitative: pH, % of solvent and time of derivatization) have been considered. Optimal reaction conditions were established by calculation of a validated model.     

Learning from Innate Behaviors: A Quantitative Evaluation of Neural Network Controllers

The aim was to investigate a method of developing mobile robot controllers based on ideas about how plastic neural systems adapt to their environment by extracting regularities from the amalgamated behavior of inflexible (nonplastic) innate subsystems interacting with the world. Incremental bootstrapping of neural network controllers was examined. The objective was twofold. First, to develop and evaluate the use of prewired or innate robot controllers to bootstrap backpropagation learning for Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) controllers. Second, to develop and evaluate a new MLP controller trained on the back of another bootstrapped controller. The experimental hypothesis was that MLPs would improve on the performance of controllers used to train them. The performances of the innate and bootstrapped MLP controllers were compared in eight experiments on the tasks of avoiding obstacles and finding goals. Four quantitative measures were employed: the number of sensorimotor loops required to complete a task; the distance traveled; the mean distance from walls and obstacles; the smoothness of travel. The overall pattern of results from statistical analyses of these quantities supported the hypothesis; the MLP controllers completed the tasks faster, smoother, and steered further from obstacles and walls than their innate teachers. In particular, a single MLP controller incrementally bootstrapped by a MLP subsumption controller was superior to the others.     

基于威胁分析的信息系统风险评估方法

对信息系统风险评估的方法有多种，该文提出了基于威胁分析的量化风险评估方法。包括其评估的步骤、量化的不同实现方式——绝对量化方式和相对量化方式、两种量化方式的优缺点分析以及两种量化方式评估的举例说明。     

试论学术腐败与学术评价的定量化

学术腐败问题已引起社会的广泛关注 ,学术腐败的根源是多方面的。本文在分析了造成学术腐败根源的基础上 ,辩证地论述了学术评价定量化与学术腐败的关系 ,并就如何做好学术评价提出了建议。     

Quantitative and reliable in vitro method combining scanning electron microscopy and image analysis for the screening of osteotropic modulators

The increased generation and up-regulated activity of bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) play a part in the impairment of bone remodeling in many bone diseases. Numerous drugs (bisphosphonates, calcitonin, selective estrogen receptor modulators) have been proposed to inhibit this increased osteoclastic activity. In this report, we describe a pit resorption assay quantified by scanning electron microscopy coupled with image analysis. Total rabbit bone cells with large numbers of osteoclasts were cultured on dentin slices. The whole surface of the dentin slice was scanned and both the number of resorption pits and the total resorbed surface area were measured. Resorption pits appeared at 48 h and increased gradually up to 96 h. Despite the observation of a strong correlation between the total resorption area and the number of pits, we suggest that area measurement is the most relevant marker for osteoclastic activity. Osteotropic factors stimulating or inhibiting osteoclastic activity were used to test the variations in resorption activity as measured with our method. This reproducible and sensitive quantitative method is a valuable tool for screening for osteoclastic inhibitors and, more generally, for investigating bone modulators.     

Blind colour separation of H&E stained histological images by linearly transforming the colour space

Blind source separation methods aim to split information into the original sources. In histology, each dye component attempts to specifically characterize different microscopic structures. In the case of the hematoxylin–eosin stain, universally used for routine examination, quantitative analysis may often require the inspection of different morphological signatures related mainly to nuclei patterns, but also to stroma distribution. Stain separation is usually a preprocessing operation that is transversal to different applications. This paper presents a novel colour separation method that finds the hematoxylin and eosin clusters by projecting the whole space to a folded surface connecting the distributions of a series of planes that divide the cloud of H&E tones. The proposed method produces density maps closer to those obtained with the colour mixing matrices set by an expert, when comparing with the density maps obtained using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), independent component analysis (ICA) and a state‐of‐the‐art method. The method has outperformed three baseline methods, NMF, Macenko and ICA, in about 8%, 12% and 52% for the eosin component, whereas this was about 4%, 8% and 26% for the hematoxylin component.