Characterisation of the Essential Oils of some Cultivated Aromatic Plants of Industrial Interest

The compositions of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L, Salvia lavandulifolia V and Lavandula latifolia M, obtained by steam distillation from plants cultivated in the northeast of Spain, have been studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The essential oil of rosemary appears to be more complex and richer in flavour notes than other previously studied Spanish rosemary oils, and has an intermediate ratio of α-pinene and of 1,8-cineole in relation to essential oils of rosemary of different geographical origins, but higher proportions of camphor, verbenone and linalool. The essential oil of sage has proportions of 1,8-cineole, camphor, endo-borneol, trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene closer to commercial Salvia officinalis L than to other Spanish sages of different geographical locations, and the difference from commercial Salvia officinalis L is due principally to the higher ratio of terpene hydrocarbons and the lower proportion of thujone in the Spanish sage studied here. The essential oil of the spike lavender has the same main components and similar proportions as other Spanish wild and commercial spike lavender essen-tial oils, but shows differences in the nature of the minor components (rhodinol fraction).     

桁架结构损伤识别的最小秩方法

在结构损伤的早期阶段,损伤往往集中发生在少数单元,损伤前后总体刚度矩阵差的秩较小。本文给出一种基于矩阵最小秩理论的计算方法,对损伤结构的模态力余量方程进行求解,反演得到总体刚度矩阵的变化量。数值试验表明,该方法对桁架结构的损伤可进行精确的定位和标定。     

基于递归分析的水声信号处理

利用递归分析及定量递归分析研究了水声信号的非线性特征.在计算正弦、随机和洛沦兹3种典型信号递归图的基础上,对2种实际舰船信号的递归图进行了定量分析,并和它们的关联维数进行比较.结果表明:定量递归分析的特征参数与混沌特征参数具有一定的联系,利用定量递归分析的特征量作为特征参数可以对舰船信号进行有效地识别和分类.这一结果对于进一步开展水下目标信号的识别、分类研究具有重要参考价值.     

High Iron and Iron Household Protein Contents in Perineuronal Net-Ensheathed Neurons Ensure Energy Metabolism with Safe Iron Handling

A subpopulation of neurons is less vulnerable against iron-induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. A key feature of these neurons is a special extracellular matrix composition that forms a perineuronal net (PN). The PN has a high affinity to iron, which suggests an adapted iron sequestration and metabolism of the ensheathed neurons. Highly active, fast-firing neurons—which are often ensheathed by a PN—have a particular high metabolic demand, and therefore may have a higher need in iron. We hypothesize that PN-ensheathed neurons have a higher intracellular iron concentration and increased levels of iron proteins. Thus, analyses of cellular and regional iron and the iron proteins transferrin (Tf), Tf receptor 1 (TfR), ferritin H/L (FtH/FtL), metal transport protein 1 (MTP1 aka ferroportin), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were performed on Wistar rats in the parietal cortex (PC), subiculum (SUB), red nucleus (RN), and substantia nigra (SNpr/SNpc). Neurons with a PN (PN⁺) have higher iron concentrations than neurons without a PN: PC 0.69 mM vs. 0.51 mM, SUB 0.84 mM vs. 0.69 mM, SN 0.71 mM vs. 0.63 mM (SNpr)/0.45 mM (SNpc). Intracellular Tf, TfR and MTP1 contents of PN⁺ neurons were consistently increased. The iron concentration of the PN itself is not increased. We also determined the percentage of PN⁺ neurons: PC 4%, SUB 5%, SNpr 45%, RN 86%. We conclude that PN⁺ neurons constitute a subpopulation of resilient pacemaker neurons characterized by a bustling iron metabolism and outstanding iron handling capabilities. These properties could contribute to the low vulnerability of PN⁺ neurons against iron-induced oxidative stress and degeneration.     

基于K-均值聚类与贝叶斯判别的我国煤矿顶板灾害事故安全评价

顶板事故是我国煤矿安全生产中的重大隐患,开展顶板灾害事故安全评价,识别顶板灾害危险性是煤矿安全生产亟待解决的问题。本文在文献调研的基础上,对影响顶板灾害的影响因素进行分析,从自然因素、技术因素和管理因素三个方面构建了顶板灾害安全评价指标体系,结合专家意见对各评价指标进行量化,采用K-均值聚类与贝叶斯判别的方法对我国顶板灾害安全水平进行评价,以我国煤矿实际样本数据为研究对象开展实证分析。研究结果表明:基于K-均值聚类与贝叶斯判别的煤矿顶板安全评价方法具有较高的准确度,能够用于定量化描述煤矿顶板灾害危险,具有一定的应用前景。     

AHP FUZZY在残采工程方案优选中的应用

为探讨太白金矿回收原采场边部残余低品位矿体的方案,通过层次分析法（AHP）与模糊数学（FUZZY）理论,选取对残采工程影响较大的9个因素,建立优选模型。运用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重;采用模糊数学法分析计算各采矿方法的定性、定量指标,分别得到各评价指标的隶属度。最终计算出3种工程布置方案的综合优选度分别为68.1%、69.3%、58.1%,从而沿矿体走向双进路布置确定为最优开采方案。实践表明,采用该模型优选的工程布置方案具有一定的科学性、合理性,值得借鉴与推广。     

负荷管理节能效益量化研究

提出了负荷管理节能效益的概念,将节能效益分解为发电效益、配变电效益和线损效益,并给出相应的分析思路和分析流程.对应节能效益的分解思路,通过建立不同的分析推理模型,对负荷管理节能效益进行量化.量化模型可以对不同系统下的负荷管理措施进行节能效益分析.     

气液两相流电导波动信号的混沌递归特性分析

通过对典型的Lorenz混沌方程和Logistic映射的考察,研究了相空间嵌入参数（嵌入维数、延迟时间和阈值）对递归分析结果的影响。研究结果表明：递归分析对嵌入维数与延迟时间的依赖性不强,嵌入维数与延迟时间变化只是改变递归率数值大小,而不改变递归结构性质;同样,阈值大小选择直接影响递归点数的多少,而不会改变递归结构性质。最后采用递归分析方法对垂直上升管中气液两相流流型进行了表征,研究结果表明,递归结构图可以较好地反映流型演化特征,且递归特征量随气相表观流速变化敏感,为气液两相流流型辨识提供了有用的特征挖掘量。     

Lutein: a valuable ingredient of fruit and vegetables

Lutein is a human serum carotenoid which is not synthesized by humans and thus must be obtained by the ingestion of food containing it such as fruits and vegetables. Lutein is present in different forms in those foods as all-trans-lutein, cis-lutein, epoxi-lutein, and lutein linked to proteins. It discusses if the intake of lutein or diets supplemented with lutein or diets rich in fruits and vegetables are important in the prevention of diseases like some cancers, cardiovascular diseases, etc., that may be affected by the antioxidant effect of lutein; or in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases. The concentration of lutein in fruits and vegetables depends on the species. We've included the concentration of lutein in 74 species reported by different authors since 1990. Currently the quantification of lutein is mainly performed by HPLC, but more investigations into a quantification method for lutein, lutein isomers, and epoxi-lutein are necessary. Improvement of lutein extraction methods is important as well. Methods commonly used in the vegetable and fruit industry like heat treatment, storage conditions, etc. can change lutein concentrations; other factors depend on the plant, for instance the variety, the stage of maturity, etc.     

啤酒有害菌的PCR检测和SYBR Green实时PCR定量

啤酒有害菌是一些能在啤酒中存活并使啤酒的外观和风味发生改变的细菌,对其进行快速检测和定量是啤酒生产急待解决的问题。我们从华润雪花啤酒（中国）有限公司各工厂提供的样品中分离到28株啤酒有害菌,16S rDNA序列的系统进化分析表明,其中26个菌株属于乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus spp．）、1个菌株为明串珠菌属（Leuconostoc spp．）,1个菌株为片球菌属（Pediococcu sp．）。根据酒花（hop）抗性基因horA、horB和horC的保守序列设计了扩增这3个基因的PCR引物,用这些引物对28株啤酒有害菌进行了常规PCR检测,检出率分别为89％、79％和75％,用hor A—horC双引物进行检测,检出率为100％。用SYBR Green实时定量PCR技术,以horA基因为靶序列,建立了对啤酒有害菌的细胞数进行快速定量的新方法,用该方法测定的污染啤酒样品中有害菌的浓度与平板培养法相近。