JPEG标准格式的编码方法

简要介绍了基本的JPEG的编码方法，即从采样到DCT编码再到量化及最后用霍夫曼编码压缩这一过程。     

粗糙集属性量化的一个算法

利用属性一维数据的特点，提出基于动态聚类和减少不相容性的属性量化算法，具有简明，易实现的特点，算例测试表明了该算法得到的结果比较理想。     

基于产品特征的信息检索技术

利用特征检索产品是一种基于知识的检索方法，这种检索方法要求有相应的知识库，然而，如何从计算机可理解和语义和量化特征两方面描述知识模型是建立产品知识库的一个关键，文中提出了一种产品功能特征的描述方法，它以用户的客观评价为依据，并实现产品特征的量化描述，利用属性理论建立产品对象和查询要求的综合描述方法，在网络环境中建立一种基于产品特下的检索系统，用户可根据匹配度的要求获得可靠的产品知识。     

颜色不变量的自适应聚类网络量化方法

给出了颜色不变量的自适应聚类网络量化算法。这种方法采用一组图象能自适应地影响量化矢量。把这种算法和均匀量化算法应用于CBIR系统中，并对它们的检索结果和时间复杂度进行比较，结果表明，该算法在检索的正确率时间的复杂度上均优于均匀量化方法。因而颜色不变量的自适应聚类网络量化方法是一种很好的矢量量化算法。     

学生德、智、体综合量化考评的探索与实践

探索学生德智体综合量化考评的理论依据及具体作法。其理论依据有四个:唯物辩证法的规律,行为科学理论,现代科学技术成果应用,数学和数学方法。德、体分别采用不同数学方法取得分值与智育分数一起,按25％、15％、60％的权重进行考评,得出德智体综合量化考评结果。综合量化考评能激励学生积极向上,全面发展。     

科技论文评奖标准研究

如何客观、公正地评估科技论文，是科研管理的一项重要工作，也是广大科技论文作者十分关心的问题。本文对此从以下三个方面作了初步探讨：（１）科技论文评奖基本条件的确立；（２）评奖标准指标的分析；（３）评奖指标的量化和计算。     

Quantitative analysis of the effects of ultrasound from an odor sprayer on moth flight behavior

A piezoelectric sprayer was recently developed for precision release of odor stimuli in olfactory research. The device replaces conventional dispensers used to release semiochemicals in studies of moth flight toward odor sources. However, the device generates high-frequency sounds in the range that some moths can hear. Ultrasound from the standard set-up sprayer had a considerable impact on flight behavior of the silver Y moth, Autographa gamma, tested in a flight tunnel. It was affected at all behavioral stages when the dispenser was driven at 120 kHz. Only 5% of the moths reached the source when exposed to 120-kHz sound from the dispenser compared to 65% in the control group without sound. The proportion taking flight was also reduced. Hearing threshold curves obtained electrophysiologically revealed that moths were sensitive to the frequency range at which the sprayer was operated and that sound intensity from the sprayer was up to 40 dB above the moths' electrophysiological hearing threshold. The audiogram for A. gamma was similar to audiograms obtained for other noctuids. Hearing sensitivity was highest at around 15 kHz, where the threshold was 35 dB SPL (sound pressure level). The threshold increased with frequency up to 94 dB SPL at 160 kHz. We improved the sprayer to operate at 300 kHz, which is beyond the hearing ability of most insects with ears. At this high frequency, the moths' sensitivity to ultrasound is reduced considerably, and we did not observe any effect on flight behavior compared to a control group without sound. Accordingly, this new piezoelectric sprayer can be used with ultrasound-sensitive insects and insensitive insects alike.     

A stochastic approach to quantifying the blur with uncertainty estimation for high-energy X-ray imaging systems

One of the primary causes of blur in a high-energy X-ray imaging system is the shape and extent of the radiation source, or ‘spot’. It is important to be able to quantify the size of the spot as it provides a lower bound on the recoverable resolution for a radiograph, and penumbral imaging methods – which involve the analysis of blur caused by a structured aperture – can be used to obtain the spot’s spatial profile. We present a Bayesian approach for estimating the spot shape that, unlike variational methods, is robust to the initial choice of parameters. The posterior is obtained from a normal likelihood, which was constructed from a weighted least squares approximation to a Poisson noise model, and prior assumptions that enforce both smoothness and non-negativity constraints. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to obtain samples from the target posterior, and the reconstruction and uncertainty estimates are the computed mean and variance of the samples, respectively. Synthetic data-sets are used to demonstrate accurate reconstruction, while real data taken with high-energy X-ray imaging systems are used to demonstrate applicability and feasibility.     

Sample preparation strategies for targeted proteomics via proteotypic peptides in human blood using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

The simultaneous quantification of protein concentrations via proteotypic peptides in human blood by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole MS/MS is an important field of bioanalytical research with a high potential for routine diagnostic applications. This review summarizes currently available sample preparation procedures and trends for absolute protein quantification in blood using LC-MS/MS. It discusses approaches of transferring established qualitative protocols to a quantitative analysis regarding their reliability and reproducibility. Techniques used to enhance method sensitivity such as the depletion of high-abundant proteins or the immunoaffinity enrichment of proteins and peptides are described. Furthermore, workflows for (i) protein denaturation, (ii) disulfide bridge reduction and (iii) thiol alkylation as well as (iv) enzymatic digestion for absolute protein quantification are presented. The main focus is on the tryptic digestion as a bottleneck of protein quantification via proteotypic peptides. Conclusively, requirements for a high-throughput application are discussed.     

Occurrence of iron in industrial granitic pegmatite

Granitic pegmatite is used as raw material for industrial minerals in the production of feldspar and quartz for glass, ceramic and porcelain. One of the most important quality parameters in the feldspar is the content of iron (Fe). At the Lillesand plant, Norway, pegmatite is floated to produce quartz, albite and microcline products. Fe is mostly removed through flotation and magnetic separation, but some Fe is still present in the final products, the amount depending on the raw material source. Rietveld X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Point counting by optical microscopy, and Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA) combined with image analysis of Back-Scatter Electron (BSE) images was used to quantify the mineralogy and to map the distribution Fe in the pegmatites. The study showed that Fe is present as mineral inclusions in feldspar, in addition to its occurrence in minor mineral components such as mica and chlorite. The frequency of Fe-mineral inclusions was higher in albite than in microcline, and they were often associated with micro-fractures and areas of alteration. These findings reveal a potential for reducing total Fe₂O₃ in the microcline products.