搅拌槽内絮凝动力学研究

采用激光粒度仪在线测定并研究了搅拌槽内聚丙烯酰胺与磷矿酸解渣的絮凝动力学。考察了不同浓度的酸解液，絮凝剂加入量，温度，酸解渣原始平均粒径和搅拌强度对絮凝动力学影响。在实验研究范围，絮凝初始速度随温度升高，絮凝剂加入量及搅拌强度的增加而提高，但随着酸解液的粘度增加和酸解渣原始平均粒径的增大而降低，体系中存在最佳的絮凝剂加入量。通过酸解渣的电泳试验，用自合成的阴离子，阳离子改性絮凝剂以及非离子型絮凝剂与酸解渣的絮凝试验发现，在中性的水中，酸解渣与不同荷电类型的絮凝剂的絮凝速度大小依次为：阳离子型＞非离子型＞阴离子型。而在磷酸酸解料浆中絮凝速度与絮凝剂的荷电类型无关。磷矿酸解渣与聚丙酰胺絮凝剂的作用主要表现为架桥机理。     

农业废弃物茭白叶的改性吸附性能

以农业废弃物茭白叶为原料,利用FeCl3溶液进行浸渍改性,制备了茭白叶生物吸附剂,研究了吸附剂吸附富营养化物质磷的行为.利用场发射扫描电镜研究了原始茭白叶与生物吸附剂表面形貌变化,重点研究了被吸附溶液pH值、FeCl3溶液的质量浓度、生物吸附剂的粒度等因素对磷吸附能力的影响.研究表明,生物吸附剂的粒度越大,吸附能力越强.采用50 g/L的FeCl3溶液对原始茭白叶进行改性,被吸附溶液pH值为5.5,吸附时间30 h,片状生物吸附剂的吸附能力可以达到4.36 mg/g.     

Dynamic mechanical properties of agricultural residues‐filled polystyrene

Agricultural residues (cotton straw) were added as very small particles to polystyrene (PS) at different weight ratios by using a melt‐mixing technique. The dynamic mechanical tests were performed over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies by using an ARES rheometer (Rheometrics Scientific) operated in the dynamic mode. The dynamic mechanical properties in terms of the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), compliance moduli, loss tangent, and dynamic viscosity were studied and compared for PS and PS composite. The results showed that the dynamic mechanical moduli and viscosity were found to increase with the addition of cotton straw and rise further with its loading increasing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 37–40, 2004     

Effects of decomposing rice straw on growth of and nitrogen fixation byRhizobium

Five phenolic compounds produced by decomposing rice straw and sterile extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil were very inhibitory to growth of three strains ofRhizobium. The effects were additive and in several instances synergistic. The phenolic compounds also reduced nodule numbers and hemoglobin content of the nodules in two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil (same concentration as in the soil) significantly reduced N₂ fixation (acetylene reduction) in Bush Black Seeded beans. This may explain in part the great reduction in soybean yields in Taiwan following rice crops when the rice stubble is left in the field.     

微波热解污泥影响因素及固体残留物成分分析

为探究不同热解条件下污泥微波热解的特性,考察了微波功率、污泥含水率以及吸波物质添加量对污泥热解过程及固体残留物的影响,利用响应曲面法优化了污泥微波热解的条件并分析了污泥热解固体残留物的成分.结果表明:当微波功率为1 880 W、污泥含水率为79.7%、吸波物质添加量为0.48 g时,响应曲面法预测最高污泥热解效率为77.4%,实际测得污泥的热解效率为77.5%.污泥热解固体残留物中灰分和固定碳比例较大,主要无机成分为Si O2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、Ca O等氧化物,适宜进一步材料化利用.     

作物残体去向与利用及对土壤氮素转化的影响

近年来,作物残体还田受到了很大的关注,一方面它可以改进土壤氮素的动态变化,减少硝态氮淋失;另一方面可作为提高耕地土壤作为潜在氮储库的一种手段。作物残体是碳、氮的重要源和库,因此还田后会影响土壤中的氮素循环。本文综述了作物残体还田后对土壤氮素转化的影响及残体氮素的利用与去向问题。具体阐述了以下几个方面内容:作物残体的降解过程及影响因素,残体氮素的利用率及去向问题,以及作物残体对土壤无机氮库、有机氮库、微生物特征的影响。     

Introduction of lysine residues on the light chain constant domain improves the labelling properties of a recombinant Fab fragment

Europium chelates provide a non-radioactive alternative forsensitive labelling of antibodies for diagnostic immunoassays.Lysine residues at antibody surfaces are ready targets for labellingby an isothiocyanate derivative of the europium chelate (Eu³⁺).Here the labelling efficiency of a recombinant anti-human -fetoprotein(hAFP) Fab fragment has been improved by increasing its lysinecontent by protein engineering. Molecular modelling was usedto identify three light chain constant domain surface arginineresidues, R154, R187 and R210, which were mutated to lysineresidues. The mutations did not influence the affinity of thelysine-enriched Fab fragment and its labelling efficiency wasfound to be 40% higher than that of the wildtype Fab fragmentWith low degree of labelling, the affinities of the two Fabfragments were identical and comparable with that of the originalmonoclonal anti-hAFP IgG. With a higher degree of labellingthe affinities of both Fab fragments decreased more than thatof the intact IgG since more lysine residues are available forlabelling in the additional heavy chain constant domains ofthe larger molecule. Electrostatic adsorption and covalent immobilizationof the Fab fragments were characterized by BIAcore^TM and thelysine-enriched Fab fragment was found to be more efficientlyimmobilized to an activated carboxymethyl surface.     

中空纤维支撑液膜萃取技术及其在药物残留检测中的应用

中空纤维支撑液膜是一种萃取新技术,具有选择性好、重现性好、节省有机溶剂等优点。介绍中空纤维支撑液膜的工作原理、结构以及萃取影响因素,就该技术在药物残留检测方面的应用进行综述。     

利用柑桔加工废弃物制取糖蜜及乙醇

柑桔加工废弃物约占果实质量的50%,含大量糖分,适宜制备糖蜜和发酵生产乙醇.研究了用废弃物制取糖蜜及生产乙醇的工艺和条件.结果表明,柑桔皮渣制取糖蜜时,生石灰的适宜添加量为0.3%,制得的可溶性固形物为40%的糖蜜,总糖含量为34%.对pH值、糖度、接菌量和温度等影响发酵的主要因素做单因素研究基础上开展了正交试验,得到柑桔糖蜜发酵的较佳工艺条件为：发酵液的初始pH 5.0,初始含糖量25%,接种量3×107个/mL,温度保持在30℃,静置发酵.由此获得含量为10.6%的乙醇产品,为探索用柑桔糖蜜生产燃料乙醇提供了参考.     

一种前向安全的代理重签名方案

基于二次剩余问题求解的困难性,提出一个具有前向安全性的代理重签名方案,通过半可信代理方,将代理者对消息的签名转化为委托者对同一消息的签名。理论分析结果证明,该方案能抵抗伪造攻击,即使当前周期的签名密钥被泄露,也不会影响此周期前签名的有效性。