非线性建筑表皮的结构逻辑和材料构造

作为对于非线性建筑表皮结构逻辑和材料构造的研究,本文通过相关概念的阐述和大量案例的分析,将隐藏在形式之后的结构逻辑和材料构造进行归纳总结,并作分类阐述。     

Waste grape skins: evaluation of safety aspects for the production of functional powders and extracts for the food sector

Skin powders and aqueous alcohol extracts were obtained from waste marcs from different grape varieties (Barbera, Nebbiolo, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Moscato and Müller-Thurgau). Both skins and extracts were analysed for the content of chemical contaminants: ochratoxin A (OTA), biogenic amines (BIAs), pesticides and metals. OTA was detected in low concentrations in Barbera, Moscato and Nebbiolo skins, but only in Barbera and Moscato extracts. Cadaverine, putrescine, ethanolamine and ethylamine were found in extracts at very low levels, while potential allergenic amines, tyramine and histamine, were never detected. Different pesticides were present in both skins and extracts. Pb and Cd were found in trace only in the powders, and K, Ca and Mg were the most abundant elements in both skin powders and extracts. Concentrations of the different contaminants were related to fibre content or total phenolics content of powders and extracts, respectively, in order to evaluate their use in the food sector.     

Investigation on Walking and Pacing Stability of German Shepherd Dog for Different Locomotion Speeds

The motion of three German Shepherd Dogs on a treadmill was recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system.The locomotion speed of the dog was respectively set at 4 km·h-1, 5.5 km·h-1, 7 km·h-1 and 8.5 km·h-1 By processing the acquired data, the joint trajectories of the dogs' hind limbs were computed and a time series analysis was conducted. Joint angle-angle diagrams were obtained and the Lyapunov exponents were computed. Results show that the stability decreased when speed increased, which can be attributed to the decrease in the stance phase respect to the swing phase when speed is increased. Results also show that the dogs changed gait during the tests, namely walking in the range of 4 km·h-1 to 7 km·h-1 and pacing at 8.5 km·h-1. A significant drop in stability was observed from walking to pacing.     

美国皮革化学家协会第102届年会论文综述

介绍了美国皮革化学家协会第102届年会的情况,对会议交流论文进行了综述。论文涉及:原料皮的防腐保存和蓝革防霉、酶脱毛、无铬鞣法、胶原蛋白和制革废弃物的资源化利用、新型皮革染料等。     

鸡皮明胶的制备及性质研究

目的:以鸡皮为原料,制备一种新型明胶。方法:以酸法提取明胶并检测其性质,探讨了制备条件对鸡皮明胶的粘度、凝胶强度、透明度和色泽等方面影响。结果:其最适提胶条件为:pH4.7,提胶温度60℃,提胶时间3h,在此条件下明胶得率较高,色泽浅白,透明度高,其凝胶强度可达到258 Bloomg。结论:以鸡皮为原料可生产优质明胶,使鸡皮资源得到合理利用。     

Peanut skins-fortified peanut butters: Effects on consumer acceptability and quality characteristics

Peanut skins (PS), high phenolics by-products from peanut processing, are potential functional ingredients. Effects of fortification with ground PS (3 types: dry-blanched, light- and medium-roasted) on peanut butter (PB) quality characteristics and consumer acceptability were evaluated. PS were added in concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5 and 5.0 g PS/100 g PB. Data were analyzed with Mixed Model ANOVA. Significant effects (P < 0.05) on product appearance and physical characteristics depended on level of incorporation and type of skins used; the greatest impact on objective appearance (L*, a*, b* color and particulate presence) and instrumental physical properties (spreadability and texture profile analysis parameters) occurred with incorporation of 5.0 g medium roasted PS/100 g PB. Consumer sensory panelists (P < 0.05) noted an increase in stiffness with incorporation of roasted PS at both levels, and less acceptable spreadability with incorporation of 5.0 g light or medium-roasted PS/100 g PB when compared to the control. Panelists also found PS addition affected acceptability of appearance more than flavor, texture or overall acceptability. With incorporation of 2.5 g PS/100 g PB, PS addition produced PBs that equaled the control in overall acceptability, regardless of heat treatment. At the 5.0 g PS/100 g PB incorporation level, PBs containing medium-roasted PS were less acceptable (P < 0.05) than all other formulations.     

采用FBG正交传感网络的静载识别研究

针对复合材料智能蒙皮静载响应监测下的定位识别技术开展研究,提出并设计了一种静载识别验证系统。选用碳纤维复合材料板(CFRP)为研究对象,搭建光纤布拉格光栅正交对称式传感网络对复合材料板进行静载位置识别。利用数据相关加权系数理论和算法,对加载位置进行识别,实验表明定位精度低于2 cm。设计的静载识别验证系统为CFRP蒙皮结构健康监测提供了新思路和新方法。     

Fully-Printed Bionic Tactile E-Skin with Coupling Enhancement Effect to Recognize Object Assisted by Machine Learning

In the pursuit of tactile sensation resembling human skin, the electronic skin (E-skin) has long been a subject of interest and inspires the exploration of various biomimetic structures. Nevertheless, the exceptional functionality of living organisms arises from the synergistic interplay of multiple internal factors, i.e. the coupling enhancement effect, which has received limited attention in existing studies. Here, a tactile E-skin featuring a multicoupled biomimetic structure that mimics three coupling elements found in the skin: Stratum spinosum, Meissner corpuscle, and Piezo2 protein, is proposed. By amalgamating their distinguishing characteristics, this bionic E-skin surpasses the performance of conventional counterparts such as sensitivity as high as 388.5 kPa⁻¹, hysteresis as low as 0.76%, and response times as short as 10 ms. Furthermore, its fabrication methodology of efficient 3D printing shows great advantages in terms of production cost and customization. Finally, the sensor is expanded to a 9 × 9 pixels array for a machine learning-assisted intellisense system to recognize the fruits as a human does, achieving an accuracy of 91.4%. All of these prove the promising potential of this multicoupled biomimetic structure in wearable electronics, human–machine interface, soft robotics, and artificial sensing.     

三文鱼皮的成分分析

为开发利用三文鱼皮,我们对其成分进行了分析:每百克三文鱼皮中含蛋白质58.28g;氨基酸55.89g,其中必需氨基酸17.45g、甘氨酸8.36g、羟脯氨酸0.60g;脂肪24.31g、不饱和脂肪酸占77.0%、其中单不饱脂肪酸37.0%、多不饱和脂肪酸40.0%、必需脂肪酸3.1%、EPA和DHA29.0%;维生素E0.19mg;碳水化合物11.34g;灰分3.50g;还含铁、锌、锰、钴、硒等微量元素。