The Osteogenesis Effect and Underlying Mechanisms of Local Delivery of gAPN in Extraction Sockets of Beagle Dogs

A plastic and biodegradable bone substitute consists of poly (l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid and 30 wt % β-tricalcium phosphate has been previously fabricated, but its osteogenic capability required further improvement. We investigated the use of globular adiponectin (gAPN) as an anabolic agent for tissue-engineered bone using this scaffold. A qualitative analysis of the bone regeneration process was carried out using μCT and histological analysis 12 weeks after implantation. CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) superimposition was used to characterise the effect of the different treatments on bone formation. In this study, we also explored adiponectin’s (APN) influence on primary cultured human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells gene expressions involved in the osteogenesis. We found that composite scaffolds loaded with gAPN or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) exhibited significantly increased bone formation and mineralisation following 12 weeks in the extraction sockets of beagle dogs, as well as enhanced expression of osteogenic markers. In vitro investigation revealed that APN also promoted osteoblast differentiation of primary cultured human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h-JBMMSCs), accompanied by increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, greater mineralisation, and production of the osteoblast-differentiated genes osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein and collagen type I, which was reversed by APPL1 siRNA. Therefore, the composite scaffold loaded with APN exhibited superior activity for guided bone regeneration compared with blank control or Bio-Oss^® (a commercially available product). The composite scaffold with APN has significant potential for clinical applications in bone tissue engineering.     

超临界CO_2萃取番茄红素的初步研究

近年的研究表明，番茄红素是一重要的类胡萝卜素。其功能在许多方面优于β－胡萝卜素。采用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术从番茄加工副产品番茄皮中提取出番茄红素。研究了不同的压力、温度、流量和萃取时间对萃取率的影响。当萃取压力在１５～２５ＭＰａ，温度４０～５０℃，流量２０ｋｇ／ｈ，萃取１～２ｈ，既可将番茄皮中９０％以上的番茄红素萃取出来。     

Extraction of Anthocyanins and Polyphenolics from Blueberry Processing Waste

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of temperature, SO₂, citric acid, and industrial juice-processing enzymes ( n = 9) for producing extracts of blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum , cv. Rubel) and blueberry skins that are rich in anthocyanins and polyphenolics were evaluated individually and/or in combination. Enzyme treatment had little effect on total monomeric anthocyanins and on total phenolics recovery. Various combinations of heat, SO₂, and citric acid yielded extracts with higher concentrations of ACY and TP than the control. The distribution of anthocyanins and polyphenolics in 'Rubel' was also investigated. Anthocyanins existed almost exclusively in the skins, and polyphenolics were mostly in the skins with lesser amounts in flesh and seeds. Skins were also highest in antioxidant activity. All portions contained the same individual anthocyanins but in varying amounts. Cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonol-glycosides were found in the skins and seeds, whereas the flesh contained only cinnamic acids.     

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of different grape cultivars grown in China

Skins and seeds of 18 grape cultivars belonging to Oriental and North American Vitis Species/hybrids, and Vitis vinifera were analysed for health beneficial properties. Four phenolic compound parameters (total phenols, flavonoids, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins) and three antioxidant property parameters (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS [2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power)) were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for this evaluation and results showed that both phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in the seeds and skins varied among the cultivars investigated. V. vinifera “Cabernet Sauvignon” had the highest values of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in seeds followed by Muscadines, while the lowest appeared in the Oriental Vitis species. As expected, these values of the Euro-Asian or Euro-American hybrids fell between the parents. However, far less variation of these values was observed in the skins among different grape cultivars investigated. Interestingly, even the total phenolic contents in the berries of two cultivars are similar, distributions of phenolic compounds in seeds and skins varied greatly among them. Additionally, significant correlations among different antioxidant assays in both seeds and skins were observed. These antioxidant properties were also found highly correlated to the main phenolic compounds.     

纯板栗饮料的研究

研究脱壳去皮、褐变、稳定性对纯板栗饮料的影响。实验表明:用小刀将板栗划口后,100℃热水煮3min,再用0.060%的抗坏血酸,0.100%的柠檬酸,0.030%的EDTA-2Na组成的复合护色液打浆,将板栗浓度调至10%,添加由0.025%的羧甲基纤维素钠,0.400%的黄原胶,0.200%的单甘酯,0.050%的蔗糖脂肪酸酯组成的复合稳定剂,可得到淡乳黄色、均匀稳定、甜味纯正、口感细腻且具有浓郁香味的板栗饮料。     

不同工艺处理对野生猕猴桃酒品质的影响

分别对野生猕猴桃进行清汁、混汁和带皮发酵处理,采用顶空固相微萃取技术对不同酿造工艺野生猕猴桃酒的香气进行富集,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行定性定量分析,结合酒的基本理化指标和感官评价比较不同工艺处理野生猕猴桃酒的品质。结果表明：混汁发酵和带皮发酵可降低猕猴桃酒的总酸及挥发酸质量浓度,提高pH值,减少VC损失;带皮发酵的香气物质总量显著高于清汁和混汁发酵（P＜0.05）,且酒中的酯类、萜烯类、酮类物质质量浓度相对较高,但酸类物质质量浓度显著降低（P＜0.05）;不同工艺处理酒中特征香气有所差异,其感官香气也各具特色;带皮发酵酒的香气评分较高,猕猴桃品质特征香气突出;且在口感质量、口感浓度、口感纯正度、香气质量、香气浓度、香气纯正度及整体平衡性方面均优于清汁发酵和混汁发酵。因此,带皮发酵工艺可一定程度提高野生猕猴桃酒的品质。     

Smart Skins Based on Assembled Piezoresistive Networks of Sustainable Graphene Microcapsules for High Precision Health Diagnostics

The environmental impact of plastic waste has had a profound effect on our livelihoods and there is a need for future plastic-based epidermal electronics to trend toward more sustainable approaches. Infusing graphene into the culinary process of seaweed spherification produces core-shell, food-based nanocomposites with properties exhibiting a remarkably high degree of tunability. Unusually, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical metrics all became decoupled from one another, allowing for each to be individually tuned. This leads to the formation of a general electromechanical model which presents a universal electronic blueprint for enhanced performances. Through this model, performance optimization and system miniaturization are enabled, with gauge factors (G) >108 for capsule diameters (D) ≈290 µm and produced at a record rate of >100 samples per second. When coalesced into quasi-2D planar networks, microcapsules form the basis of discrete, recyclable electronic smart skins with areal independent sensitives for muscular, breathing, pulse, and blood pressure measurements in real-time.     

Mass-Producible 3D Hair Structure-Editable Silk-Based Electronic Skin for Multiscenario Signal Monitoring and Emergency Alarming System

Structurally tunable electronic skin (e-skin) is beneficial for advancing wearable electronics, prosthetics, and human-machine interaction (HMI). However, the regulation of e-skin by traditional nanostructure technology is complex and expensive, moreover, the nanostructure's poor deformability leads to small detection range and low sensitivity. Herein, inspired by the structure of skin-hair and insect burr, a polypyrrole-silk/glycerol plasticized silk fibroin (P-silk/RG) e-skin fabricated by a simple 3D biomimetic structural strategy is reported. Benefitting from the editability (length, position) of this structure, P-silk/RG has a signal selectivity, long-cilia P-silk/RG demonstrates high sensitivity (respond to weak signal-airflow), while the short-cilia P-silk/RG exhibits wide pressure detection range (0.5–200 g) and high cycle stability (8000 compressions). Therefore, different forms of P-silk/RG are used in different scenarios (long-cilia for monitoring breathing and coughing for motion detection and disease diagnosis, short-cilia for pressure-sensitive Morse code). Besides, P-silk/RG exhibits good waterproof, editable conductive points and easy device integration, providing the basis for underwater information transmission, multibit coded command output, and early warning for emergency sports accidents and sedentary. Surprisingly, combining this structure with textile weaving can be mass-produced. Obviously, this 3D biomimetic structure strategy endows e-skin with editability and improved scene adaptability to provide a favorable way for mass production.