碎牛皮生产狗咬胶的两种成型工艺比较

本文以碎牛皮为原料,通过差式扫描量热仪、红外光谱、扫描电镜等检测手段,考察了吸水指数、水溶性、表观形貌、质构特性及热力学特性等参数,研究了模压成型工艺和单螺杆挤压成型工艺对狗咬胶品质的影响,特别是蛋白质结构对产品性能的影响。实验结果表明:和模压成型工艺相比较,经单螺杆挤压成型工艺所得到产品的表观密度、吸水性指数、硬度和咀嚼度均显著提升(p<0.05)。这与两种制备工艺对蛋白质分子结构的改变程度有一定的相关性,即牛皮经过螺杆挤压处理后,蛋白质分子结构发生改变,α螺旋结构部分展开,β-折叠结构及无规卷曲含量相应增多,分子间交联程度增强,进而改变了产品的质构等表观特性。螺杆挤压工艺所得的产品的总体性能指标好于模压成型工艺所得的产品。     

Enhanced Sensitivity of Iontronic Graphene Tactile Sensors Facilitated by Spreading of Ionic Liquid Pinned on Graphene Grid

Iontronic graphene tactile sensors (i‐GTS) composed of a top floating graphene electrode and an ionic liquid droplet pinned on a bottom graphene grid, which can dramatically enhance the performance of capacitive‐type tactile sensors, are presented. When mechanical stress is applied to the top floating electrode, the i‐GTS operates in one of the following three regimes: air–air, air–electric double layer (EDL) transition, or EDL–EDL. Once the top electrode contacts the ionic liquid in the i‐GTS, the spreading behavior of the ionic liquid causes a capacitance transition (from a few pF to over hundreds of pF). This is because EDLs are formed at the interfaces between the electrodes and the ionic liquid. In this case, the pressure sensitivity increases to ≈31.1 kPa^?1 with a gentle touch. Under prolonged application of pressure, the capacitance increases gradually, mainly due to the contact line expansion of the ionic liquid bridge pinned on the graphene grid. The sensors exhibit outstanding properties (response and relaxation times below 80 ms, and stability over 300 cycles) while demonstrating ultimate signal‐to‐noise ratios in the array tests. The contact‐induced spreading behavior of the ionic liquid is the key for boosting the sensor performance.     

Possible pheromonal regulation of reproduction in wild carnivores

Recent observations of social behavior and reproduction in wolves, coyotes, hunting dogs, mongooses, and lions suggest possible involvement of pheromones in the regulation of reproductive activity. Observed phenomena resemble the known pheromonal effects in mice such as suppression or synchronization of estrus, induction of maternal behavior, and interruption of pregnancy. Further studies are necessary to verify the supposed biological effects of carnivore pheromones and to determine their chemical nature.     

Methods for large data volumes from confocal scanning laser microscopy of lung

Confocal scanning laser microscopy makes it possible to obtain series of optical sections in precise registration. Certain studies of lung parenchyma, however, require both the fine resolution obtainable with high-numerical-aperture (NA) objectives and the extensive fields of view that usually would be achieved only with low-NA objectives. This article presents a technique that resolves this conflict by using a sequence of operations: (i) to correct intensity variations on individual sections due to non-uniform illumination/detection characteristics of the microscope; (ii) to correct intensity variations between successive sections in a series due to, for example, depth-related absorption or step changes in detector sensitivity; (iii) to adjust adjacent, overlapping stacks of sections to a common intensity level; and (iv) to fuse a group of such overlapping stacks into a single series of larger sections. This resulting stack may contain, for example, a complete cross-section of an alveolar ductal unit about 500 μm or more in diameter at about 1-μm pixel resolution.     

Actively Perceiving and Responsive Soft Robots Enabled by Self‐Powered,Highly Extensible,and Highly Sensitive Triboelectric Proximity‐ and Pressure‐Sensing Skins

Robots that can move, feel, and respond like organisms will bring revolutionary impact to today's technologies. Soft robots with organism‐like adaptive bodies have shown great potential in vast robot–human and robot–environment applications. Developing skin‐like sensory devices allows them to naturally sense and interact with environment. Also, it would be better if the capabilities to feel can be active, like real skin. However, challenges in the complicated structures, incompatible moduli, poor stretchability and sensitivity, large driving voltage, and power dissipation hinder applicability of conventional technologies. Here, various actively perceivable and responsive soft robots are enabled by self‐powered active triboelectric robotic skins (tribo‐skins) that simultaneously possess excellent stretchability and excellent sensitivity in the low‐pressure regime. The tribo‐skins can actively sense proximity, contact, and pressure to external stimuli via self‐generating electricity. The driving energy comes from a natural triboelectrification effect involving the cooperation of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. The perfect integration of the tribo‐skins and soft actuators enables soft robots to perform various actively sensing and interactive tasks including actively perceiving their muscle motions, working states, textile's dampness, and even subtle human physiological signals. Moreover, the self‐generating signals can drive optoelectronic devices for visual communication and be processed for diverse sophisticated uses.     

基于PowerPC的多任务运行状态监控方案

针对嵌入式操作系统中,对多个任务的运行调度情况进行实时监控的需求。通过对PowerPC处理器中内置看门狗定时器的使用,以及需监控实时任务运行特性的分析,提出了一种使用监控任务链表来对各实时任务的调度情况进行统一监测的方案。该方案设计了一个专门的监控任务,用来进行看门狗定时器的操作以及监控任务链表中各结点信息的查询,并根据查询结果来确定所监控各任务的实际调度情况,从而决定是否进行系统的复位处理。另外还给出了看门狗定时器以及各实时任务超时时间的设定方法。通过该方案的使用,可实现一个看门狗定时器同时对多个任务中调度异常情况的有效监控,从而避免系统长期处于故障运行状态。     

High‐Sensitivity,Skin‐Attachable,and Stretchable Array of Thermo‐Responsive Suspended Gate Field‐Effect Transistors with Thermochromic Display

The fabrication of a skin‐attachable, stretchable array of high‐sensitivity temperature sensors is demonstrated. The temperature sensor consists of a single‐walled carbon nanotube field‐effect transistor with a suspended gate electrode of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)‐coated gold grid/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and thermochromic leuco dye. The sensor exhibits a very high sensitivity of 6.5% °C^?1 at temperatures between 25 and 45 °C. With increasing temperature, the suspended gate electrode bends due to the deswelling of the PNIPAM, resulting in the reduction of the air gap to increase the drain current under a constant gate voltage. At the same time, the leuco dye coated on top of the transparent gate electrode changes color to visualize changes in temperature. The 4 × 6 integrated temperature sensor array integrated using liquid metal interconnections exhibits mechanical and electrical stability under 50% biaxial stretching and allows for the spatial mapping of temperature with visual color display regardless of wrist movement while attached to the skin of the wrist. This work is expected to be widely useful in the development of skin‐attachable electronics for medical and health‐care monitoring.     

Entirely,Intrinsically, and Autonomously Self‐Healable,Highly Transparent,and Superstretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Personal Power Sources and Self‐Powered Electronic Skins

Power and electronic components that are self‐healable, deformable, transparent, and self‐powered are highly desirable for next‐generation energy/electronic/robotic applications. Here, an energy‐harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that combines the above features is demonstrated, which can serve not only as a power source but also as self‐powered electronic skin. This is the first time that both of the triboelectric‐charged layer and electrode of the TENG are intrinsically and autonomously self‐healable at ambient conditions. Additionally, comparing with previous partially healable TENGs, its fast healing time (30 min, 100% efficiency at 900% strain), high transparency (88.6%), and inherent superstretchability (>900%) are much more favorable. It consists of a metal‐coordinated polymer as the triboelectrically charged layer and hydrogen‐bonded ionic gel as the electrode. Even after 500 cutting‐and‐healing cycles or under extreme 900%‐strain, the TENG retains its functionality. The generated electricity can be used directly or stored to power commercial electronics. The TENG is further used as self‐powered tactile‐sensing skin in diverse human–machine interfaces including smart glass, an epidermal controller, and phone panel. This TENG with merits including fast ambient‐condition self‐healing, high transparency, intrinsic stretchability, and energy‐extraction and actively‐sensing abilities, can meet wide application needs ranging from deformable/portable/transparent electronics, smart interfaces, to artificial skins.