Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of anthocyanins from grape skins: optimization,identification, and antitumor activity

Grape skins produced during the grape juice production and processing contain abundant anthocyanins and other active compounds. Consequently, this study optimized the extraction conditions for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of anthocyanins from grape skins via response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm. The optimum extraction parameters to achieve the highest anthocyanins yield (3.01 ± 0.04) mg/g from grape skins by UAEE were obtained under an extraction temperature of 50 °C, ultrasonic power of 400 W, pectinase dosage of 0.16%, and extraction time of 28 min. The AB-8 macroporous resin combined Sephadex LH-20 techniques were further employed to purify the anthocyanins extracts obtained under optimum extraction conditions (AEOEC), and the main anthocyanins were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The purified anthocyanins contained two anthocyanins in terms of delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside with purity of 91.35% and 92.64%, respectively. Ultimately, we further evaluated the antitumor activity of AEOEC and two purified anthocyanins on breast cancer. The results indicated that the antitumor effect of AEOEC on breast cancer MCF-7 cells was better than that of two purified anthocyanins. In addition, AEOEC could memorably increase intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, and arrest MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phases. The findings provide an effective and feasible method for anthocyanins extraction and reduce the environmental burden of this waste.     

基于I/O型单片机无源串口加密狗的实现

介绍一种以HT(Holtek)公司的I/O型单片机为核心的无源串口加密狗,从硬件、软件和反解密方法等方面进行了较详细的阐述,给出了HT单片机的通信协议和VB中MSComm控件的串口控制方法。该加密狗中冗余利用了串口的通信协议,实现了串口的旧口新用,使软件加密简单可靠。     

Canid sex attractant studies

Behavioral studies using anestrous female beagles, and olfactory tests with dogs in the absence of females, indicate that methylp-hydroxybenzoate cannot be considered a key sexual attractant for male beagles, even though this compound has been found in estrous vaginal secretions.     

The motivating effects of exteroceptive stimulation.

The effects of perceptual deficit in infancy on the dog are considered insofar as they bear on motivational and emotional problems. "The animal reared in isolation is a permanent screwball at maturity: motivationally, socially, intellectually abnormal." Dog-rearing experiments indicate that "dogs reared in isolation showed none of the physical debility and susceptibility to infection that Spitz reported." Dogs whose patterns of exteroceptive stimulation were restricted were markedly atypical in a number of performances. A finding based on "brainwashing" by Chinese communists in the Korean War is that: "Without physical pain, without drugs, the personality can be badly deformed simply by modifying the perceptual environment." In an experiment with sensory isolation for the human there were hallucinations, disturbances in the selfpercept, impairment of intelligence test performance, changes in EEG, and marked visual disturbances on first emerging from isolation. "With the possible exception of the effects of propaganda, the changes were reversible, disappearing in a day or so." Making isolation more drastic produces motivational and emotional disturbances much more quickly. "Clearly man's motivation is a function of his exteroceptive stimulation." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Salivary Conditioning in the Seventeenth Century.

Several recent papers have documented observations of the "psychic" salivary secretion (a fortuitously conditioned reflex)--some as early as 1840--which preceded Pavlov's classical experiments in 1902. This note calls attention to Regnier De Graaf who utilized a "psychic" salivary secretion of a fistulated dog, and reported his findings in a publication dated December 17, 1664. De Graaf's drawing of his fistulated dog is argued to be one of the most interesting documents in the history of psychology, for it has a striking similarity to the numerous drawings of Pavlov's dog made more than 250 years later. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高层建筑钢结构梁柱节点试验研究

1994年美国Northridge地震和 1995年日本阪神地震后 ,许多新型梁柱节点被提出 ,其中狗骨式节点是研究最多的一种节点形式。现结合实际工程对这种节点进行了试验研究 ,探讨了其在模拟地震荷载作用下的性能。试验结果表明 ,通过对节点附近梁上下翼缘进行合理的削弱可以增加节点的延性 ,同时对节点的刚度、强度影响很小 ,很好地改善了节点性能。在试验研究和数值计算的基础上提出了一种狗骨式节点设计方法     

机电液一体化的销齿操车技术的应用

从结构、原理、功能和先进性几方面对销齿操车成套设备机电液一体化操车系统进行了分析介绍,总结了该设备在千秋煤矿的应用状况。实际应用结果表明,该操车系统能够有效提高矿井提升效率,可取得较高的经济效益。     

诺必擂停在大鼠和Beagle犬体内的药动学研究

目的: 研究诺必擂停在大鼠和Beagle 犬体内的药动学过程。方法: 通过口服和静注两种给药方式, 用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中诺必擂停的浓度。结果: 大鼠灌胃给予诺必擂停8 、16 和32 mg /kg 剂量后, 血药浓度达峰时间t_max 分别为20 、30 、30 min, 峰浓度C_max 分别为(300 ±171) 、(468 ±122) 、(982 ±449) ng /mL, 根据血药浓度AUC 计算出的生物利用度F 为(14.6 ±2.7) %。Beagle 犬按4 mg /kg 单剂量口服给予诺必擂停片后, t_max 为(95 ±12) min, C_max 为(436 ±88) ng /mL,生物利用度F 为(27.4 ±8.4) %。结论: 灌胃给药后诺必擂停在大鼠和Beagle 犬体内吸收较快但吸收程度较低, 该药在两种动物的药动学参数t_max 、t_{1 /2α}和t_{1 /2β}等存在明显的种属差异。     

"狗骨"材平轧的三维刚塑性有限元分析

用全三维刚塑性有限元法分析了２Ｓ－Ａｌ板坯立轧和随后平轧的稳定轧制过程。侧重分析了仅消除“狗骨”形状的随后平轧过程,并对不同立辊孔型侧壁斜度条件产轧轧制力、轧制力矩以及平轧后的断面形状进行了比较,所得计算结果与献〖１〗的实验结果吻合较好。