Race and sex effects on attitudinal perceptions of acquaintance rape.

In an examination of sex and race effects on attitudes about sexual assault, 336 Latino and Caucasian undergraduates reacted to a written acquaintance rape vignette that manipulated victim and perpetrator race. Reactions were assessed by the Rape Empathy Scale, the Attitudes Toward Rape Victim Scale (ARVS), and the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (RMAS). Results indicated that women reported higher perceptions of empathy, ascribed more credibility toward the tape victim, and were less accepting of rape myths compared with their male counterparts. Interactions involving sex and race were obtained for the ARVS and RMAS ratings, indicating that, compared with Latinas, Caucasian women reported stronger positive attitudes toward rape victims generally and more accurate perceptions of rape when the victim was portrayed as Caucasian. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于磷酸镁水泥的植物茎秆增强混凝土试验研究

采用磷酸镁水泥(MPC)、粉煤灰和油菜茎秆制备新型绿色混凝土,探讨了该混凝土作为保温隔热墙体材料的可行性,并讨论了油菜茎秆的掺量和尺寸对混凝土性能的影响,测试了所制备的植物茎秆增强混凝土的表观密度、抗压强度和导热系数.结果表明:所制备的植物茎秆增强混凝土可以满足承重和非承重墙体材料的技术要求;油菜茎秆的多孔隙特征保证了该绿色混凝土具有优异的保温隔热特性;与硅酸盐水泥和石灰等其他胶凝材料相比,磷酸镁水泥更适宜制备植物茎秆增强混凝土.     

Evaluation of different agronomic strategies to reduce nitrate leaching after winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using a simulation model

Winter oilseed rape (OSR) demands high levels of N fertilizer, often exceeding 200 kg N ha⁻¹. Large amounts of residual soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) after harvest are regularly observed, and therefore N leaching during the percolation period over winter is increased. In this study agronomic strategies (fertilization level, crop rotation, tillage intensity) to control nitrate leaching after OSR were investigated by combining field measurements (soil mineral nitrogen, soil water content, crop N uptake) of a 2-year trial and another 5-year field trial with simulation modeling. The crop-soil model uses a daily time step and was built from existing and partly refined submodels for soil water dynamics, mineralization processes, and N uptake. It was used to reproduce the complex processes of the N dynamics and to calculate N concentration in the leachate and total volume of percolation water. Some parameters values were thereby newly identified based on the agreement between measured data and model results. Although SMN in the 60–90 cm layer was overestimated, the model could reproduce the measured data with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Overfertilization of OSR increased N leaching and therefore the precise calculation of N fertilizer doses is a first step towards prevent N leaching. Compared to ploughing, minimum tillage decreased N leaching when winter wheat was grown as the subsequent crop. Volunteer OSR and Phacelia tanacetifolia were grown as catch crops after OSR harvest. N leaching could be decreased especially when Phacelia was grown, but nitrate concentrations in the drainage water were higher and exceeded the European Union (EU) threshold for drinking water when volunteer OSR was grown. The results of this study provide strong evidence that reduced tillage or growing of noncruciferous catch crops decrease N leaching and may be used as an agricultural measure to prevent N pollution.     

油菜主要病害防治研究进展

主要介绍了油菜主要病害的侵染循环、危害症状、识别特征,并概述了油菜病害的农业防治、化学防治、生物防治措施。     

纤维素酶对油菜蜂花粉的破壁作用

研究纤维素酶对油菜蜂花粉破壁的影响。通过单因素试验分别考察料液比、加酶量、酶解温度、酶解时间对油菜蜂花粉破壁的影响,以油菜蜂花粉破壁率和多糖提取率为指标,根据单因素试验结果设计正交试验,得出油菜蜂花粉的最佳破壁条件为料液比1:50(g/mL)、加酶量为1.75%、酶解温度47.5℃、酶解时间5.0h,此条件下的油菜蜂花粉的破壁率为85.72%,多糖提取率为18.85%。     

响应面法优化油菜蜂花粉核苷类成分提取工艺

目的：考察油菜蜂花粉核苷类成分的提取条件,确定最佳提取工艺。方法：先通过单因素试验获得油菜蜂花粉核苷类成分提取时间、提取温度及料液比的优化范围,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计原理和3因素3水平的响应面分析法优化蜂花粉核苷类成分的提取工艺。结果：3因素的优化范围分别为40～60min、45～65℃、1:60～1:80(g/mL)。结论：最终优化条件为提取时间53min、温度60℃、料液比1:70(g/mL),该条件下,油菜蜂花粉中核苷类成分总提取量为(705.2±0.006)mg/100g。     

不同氮素效率类型油菜的农艺性状、干物质及氮素积累特征

为合理调整不同氮素吸收利用效率油菜品种的氮肥用量,提高氮素利用效率,大田试验条件下,根据长江流域冬油菜主产区广泛种植的34个甘蓝型油菜品种的氮素吸收和利用效率的差异,以氮素吸收和利用效率的平均值为界线将供试品种分为4类,即A-高效吸收高效利用型、B-低效吸收高效利用型、C-高效吸收低效利用型和D-低效吸收低效利用型,研究4类油菜的生长性状、干物质及氮素积累和分配的特点。结果显示,A类品种在主序长、主序角果数、一次分枝数和一次分枝角果数等农艺性状上表现很强的生长优势,B、C两类居中,D类品种最低。氮素吸收效率高的品种,其干物质量、氮素积累量相对较多,不同类型油菜的地上部生物量及氮素积累量顺序为C、A〉D、B;氮素利用效率高的品种,干物质量和氮素积累在籽粒中的分配相对较多,而在果壳中分配相对较少,籽粒产量以及籽粒氮素积累量顺序则为A〉B、C〉D。     

油菜蜂花粉活性成分对体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用

本文通过对油菜蜂花粉的分离纯化,得到槲皮素苷QMP、山奈酚苷KMG和KMP三个化合物。通过体外培养L-02细胞,建立四氯化碳损伤模型,采用MTT实验,来研究QMP、KMG和KMP抑制四氯化碳诱导L-02细胞损伤的作用。并选用丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)作为特征性指标,从氧化应激角度探究保肝作用机制。结果表明,槲皮素苷QMP处理组(200μg/m L)细胞相对存活率分别是模型组的2.64和2.66倍,说明QMP能够明显抑制四氯化碳对L-02细胞造成的损伤,山奈酚苷KMP和KMG抗L-02细胞的损伤作用不明显。QMP、山奈酚和槲皮素显著降低细胞内MDA含量,其中300μm剂量组MDA含量分别为模型组的0.65、0.60、0.59和0.52倍;LDH漏出率分别降低了23.82%、27.69%、30.11%和32.77%;同时SOD含量分别提高了1.45、1.61、1.58和1.65倍。这些体外实验证明了QMP具有显著的体外抗氧化和保肝作用,且其抗氧化作用是保肝作用机制之一,为开发治疗肝损伤性疾病的药物提供了选择。     

基于油菜花粉模板制备ZnAlCe三元复合氧化物多孔材料及其催化性能研究

采用油菜花粉为生物模板、LDHs晶核溶液为前驱体, 通过共沉淀、辅助微波晶化方法, 经原位生长和煅烧, 简单温和地合成了ZnAlCe三元复合氧化物多孔材料。采用SEM、FT-IR、XRD、EDX、XPS和N₂吸附-脱附分析等对其进行形貌与结构的表征, 并对其催化H₂O₂-α-蒎烯环氧化反应进行了测定。结果表明, ZnAlCe三元复合氧化物能复制花粉模板表面的微纳米结构, 多级孔有序排列, 孔径分布在2~150 nm范围的介孔与大孔尺寸之间, 比表面积达112.94 m²/g, 具有良好的结晶度, 晶型规整; 当α-蒎烯/H₂O₂摩尔比为1: 1.4、催化剂用量为15.0 mg、溶剂(乙酸乙酯/H₂O体积比=4:1)为2 mL、30℃下反应4 h时, α-蒎烯转化率可达61.81%, 产物2, 3-环氧蒎烷、马鞭草烯醇和马鞭草烯酮的选择性分别为40.54%、27.36%、32.10%。     

油菜蜂花粉酚类化合物的初步分离和抗氧化性研究

采用甲醇提取油菜蜂花粉,提取物再经正丁醇萃取后,用聚酰胺层析得到各分离组分,并对各分离组分进行抗氧化性指标测定,并进行TLC、HPLC 分析。结果表明：甲醇提取物酚类化合物含量为3.69%,正丁醇萃取物为6.32%,聚酰胺层析中80% 和100% 乙醇洗脱组分酚类化合物含量分别为15.92% 和16.87%。同时,测定蜂花粉中各分离组分在浓度为1mg/ml 时的还原力和DPPH·清除率,甲醇提取物还原力为26μgVC/mg,正丁醇萃取物为84μgVC/mg,80%和100%乙醇洗脱组分提高到154μgVC/mg 和104μgVC/mg;甲醇提取物DPPH·清除率为83.45%,正丁醇萃取物为88.66%,聚酰胺层析中80% 和100% 乙醇洗脱组分DPPH·清除率分别为97.20% 和94.34%。实验表明：蜂花粉经过甲醇提取、正丁醇萃取和聚酰胺层析后,80% 乙醇和100% 乙醇分离组分酚类化合物含量和抗氧化活性均显著性提高。