苹果去皮发酵对苹果树莓复合果酒理化成分的影响研究

以苹果和树莓为原料,分析树莓和苹果(去皮和不去皮)复合果汁及果酒中基本理化成分的差异,研究苹果去皮发酵对复合果酒理化特性的影响.结果表明,去皮对复合果汁中还原糖、pH值、氨基酸、有机酸、总酚及黄酮含量影响差异显著(p＜0.05),含量分别降低了 13.81％、1.07％、64.57％、3.93％、28.76％、45.6...     

树莓越冬性性试验研究初报

在沈阳地区,将树莓越冬枝条分别在－２０,－２５,－３０,－３５,－４０℃的低温处理后,采用电导法,解剖观察及室水培发芽试验,来鉴定树莓抗冻性,结果表明,树莓越冬枝条在－３０～－３５℃条件下遭受冻害,而致死临界温度是在－４０℃以下,越冬枝条失水状况调查结果表明,树莓枝条在越冬期间抽条现象较为严重,为树莓越冬的主要伤害。     

In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Berry Leaves and Their Inhibitory Effect on Lipid Peroxidation of Thigh Meat from Broiler Chickens

The present study is designed to evaluate the antioxidant compounds from bilberry, cranberry, and raspberry leaves in connection with their radical scavenging activities, and their potential in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation of thigh meat from broiler chickens. For this purpose, plant extracts are analyzed regarding the content in bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties analysis including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activities. Lipid peroxidation is induced by an Fe⁺³/ascorbic acid system and the inhibitory effects of plants extracts are assessed using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) as biomarkers for quantifying lipid oxidation in meat. The overview of the analyzed antioxidant compounds shows that cranberry leaves present the highest concentrations of vitamin E, β‐carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, and polyphenols and a total antioxidant capacity with 52% higher than bilberry and 360% than raspberry. Bilberry leaves extract shows the strongest effect (p  < 0.0001) in inhibiting meat lipid peroxidation. Practical Applications: The results demonstrate the positive effect of the selected berry leaves in the oxidative stability of broiler chicken meat under in vitro conditions, and may be suggested as an alternative source of natural antioxidants for animal nutrition, with benefits in inhibiting and delaying oxidation, and also enhancing the nutritional value of meat.     

Anthocyanin Composition of Red Raspberry Juice: Influences of Cultivar, Processing, and Environmental Factors

The anthocyanin and anthocyanidin pigment profiles of 46 authentic red raspberry juice samples were determined by HPLC. Total anthocyanin pigment content and percent polymeric color were also determined. This generated a database incorporating influences of cultivar, geographic origin, maturity, processing, and mold contamination. Cultivars exhibited characteristic patterns distinguished by quantitative rather than qualitative differences. Total pigment ranged from 4 to 1,102 mg/L. Commercial red raspberry juice concentrates (14) were also analyzed. Two were shown to be adulterated because of the presence of delphinidin glycosides. Three samples contained high amounts of polymerized pigments, indicating a history of processing or storage abuse.     

树莓红色素的提取及稳定性的研究

本文研究了树莓红色素的树脂法提取工艺,通过4种树脂对树莓红色素的吸附及不同浓度的乙醇对树莓红色素解吸的比较研究,结果表明,AB-8树脂对树莓红色素具有较高的吸附量,用90%乙醇为洗脱剂得到的产品质量好;产品收率达1.84%。同时,对树莓红色素的性质,稳定性也进行了研究,结果证明此色素有较高热稳定性,光稳定性及一定的抗氧化能力,具有良好的开发价值。     

Black Raspberry Seed Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism by Inhibiting Lipogenesis and Promoting Fatty‐Acid Oxidation in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice and db/db Mice

The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of α‐linolenic acid‐rich black raspberry seed (BRS) oil on lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese and db/db mice. Five‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were fed diets consisting of 50% calories from lard, 5% from soybean, and 5% from corn oil (HFD), or 50% calories from lard and 10% from BRS oil (HFD + BRS oil diet) for 12 weeks. Six‐week‐old C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice were fed diets consisting of 16% calories from soybean oil (standard diet), 8% from soybean, and 8% from BRS oil, or 16% from BRS oil for 10 weeks. The BRS oil diets lowered the levels of triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol in serum and liver of both of the obese and db/db mice as compared with the HFD and standard diet, respectively. mRNA levels of lipogenesis markers including cluster of differentiation 36, fatty‐acid‐binding protein 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, fatty‐acid synthase, and solute carrier family 25 member 1 in the liver of the BRS oil groups were lower than those in the liver of the HFD and standard groups in the obese and db/db mice, respectively. On the other hand, fatty‐acid oxidation markers including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, hydroxylacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase α, and acyl‐CoA oxidase in the liver of the BRS oil groups were higher than those in the liver of the HFD and standard groups in the obese and db/db mice, respectively. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α mRNA and protein levels increased in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of the obese and db/db mice fed BRS oil compared with HFD and standard diet, respectively. BRS oil might improve lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting fatty‐acid oxidation in HFD‐induced obese and db/db mice.     

红树莓果汁降酸发酵过程中活性成分的变化

为研究陆生伊萨酵母（Issatchenkia terricola）WJL-G4对红树莓果汁降酸发酵过程中活性成分的影响,以接种红树莓果汁为处理组,以未接种的红树莓果汁作为对照组,测定总酚、总黄酮和花色苷的含量,采用高效液相色谱法对活性成分进行定性和定量分析,分析发酵过程与成分之间的相关性。结果表明：处理组和对照组的总酚和花色苷含量均减少,降酸发酵5 d后总黄酮含量显著增加;降酸发酵8 d的果汁中检测出10 种酚酸、7 种类黄酮和1 种芳香类化合物,其中隐绿原酸、对香豆酸、树莓酮、芦丁和槲皮素含量显著增加,显著降低的9 种成分中,熊果苷、没食子酸、新绿原酸和咖啡酸含量比对照组高;主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）中,得到的3 个PC累计贡献率达到93.098%,可以很好地描述原有活性成分指标的信息。分布在PC1正向区间的1～4 d活性成分得分较高,因此选择1～4 d作为降酸发酵的最佳时间。本研究结果为陆生伊萨酵母WJL-G4降酸特性的研究和菌株的综合利用提供理论支持。     

Abrasive stripping square-wave voltammetry of blackberry, raspberry, strawberry, pomegranate, and sweet and blue potatoes

Electro-oxidation potentials of 7 fruits and vegetables were determined by abrasive stripping voltammetry. The responses were characterized by 2 peaks with maxima at 0.45 and 0.55 V compared with Ag/AgCl, respectively. Both electrode reactions appear reversible at a frequency of 8 Hz. They can be ascribed to anthocyanidins and ellagic acid as electroactive compounds. By this method, an antioxidative capacity of a certain plant can be quickly estimated without extraction of active components.     

覆盆子功能饮料加工工艺的研究

本文研究了覆盆子功能性饮料的加工工艺，着重探讨了温度、pH和果胶酶添加量等因素对果胶酶酶解覆盆子汁的影响。并确定了覆盆子汁、橙汁、白砂糖和柠檬酸的最佳复配比及成品的质量指标。     

Raspberry wine fermentation with suspended and immobilized yeast cells of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The objectives of this study were to assess the differences in fermentative behaviour of two different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC1118 and RC212) and to determine the differences in composition and sensory properties of raspberry wines fermented with immobilized and suspended yeast cells of both strains at 15 °C. Analyses of aroma compounds, glycerol, acetic acid and ethanol, as well as the kinetics of fermentation and a sensory evaluation of the wines, were performed. All fermentations with immobilized yeast cells had a shorter lag phase and faster utilization of sugars and ethanol production than those fermented with suspended cells. Slower fermentation kinetics were observed in all the samples that were fermented with strain RC212 (suspended and immobilized) than in samples fermented with strain EC1118. Significantly higher amounts of acetic acid were detected in all samples fermented with strain RC212 than in those fermented with strain EC1118 (0.282 and 0.602 g/l, respectively). Slightly higher amounts of glycerol were observed in samples fermented with strain EC1118 than in those fermented with strain RC212. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.