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21.
Dietrich E. Lorke Syed M. Nurulain Mohamed Y. Hasan Kamil Ku
a Georg A. Petroianu 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) represents an ongoing threat to civilians and rescue personal. We have previously shown that oximes, when administered prophylactically before exposure to the OPC paraoxon, are able to protect from its toxic effects. In the present study, we have assessed to what degree experimental (K-27; K-48; K-53; K-74; K-75) or established oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime), when given as pretreatment at an equitoxic dosage of 25% of LD01, are able to reduce mortality induced by the OPC azinphos-methyl. Their efficacy was compared with that of pyridostigmine, the only FDA-approved substance for such prophylaxis. Efficacy was quantified in rats by Cox analysis, calculating the relative risk of death (RR), with RR=1 for the reference group given only azinphos-methyl, but no prophylaxis. All tested compounds significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced azinphos-methyl-induced mortality. In addition, the efficacy of all tested experimental and established oximes except K-53 was significantly superior to the FDA-approved compound pyridostigmine. Best protection was observed for the oximes K-48 (RR = 0.20), K-27 (RR = 0.23), and obidoxime (RR = 0.21), which were significantly more efficacious than pralidoxime and pyridostigmine. The second-best group of prophylactic compounds consisted of K-74 (RR = 0.26), K-75 (RR = 0.35) and pralidoxime (RR = 0.37), which were significantly more efficacious than pyridostigmine. Pretreatment with K-53 (RR = 0.37) and pyridostigmine (RR = 0.52) was the least efficacious. Our present data, together with previous results on other OPCs, indicate that the experimental oximes K-27 and K-48 are very promising pretreatment compounds. When penetration into the brain is undesirable, obidoxime is the most efficacious prophylactic agent already approved for clinical use. 相似文献
22.
Sarah M. Kedziora Kristin Krker Lajos Mark Julia Binder Meryam Sugulle Martin Gauster Dominik N. Müller Ralf Dechend Nadine Haase Florian Herse 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by the onset of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and presence of proteinuria (>300 mg/L/24 h urine) or other maternal organ dysfunctions. During human PE, renal injuries have been observed. Some studies suggest that women with PE diagnosis have an increased risk to develop renal diseases later in life. However, in human studies PE as a single cause of this development cannot be investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of PE on postpartum renal damage in an established transgenic PE rat model. Female rats harboring the human-angiotensinogen gene develop a preeclamptic phenotype after mating with male rats harboring the human-renin gene, but are normotensive before and after pregnancy. During pregnancy PE rats developed mild tubular and glomerular changes assessed by histologic analysis, increased gene expression of renal damage markers such as kidney injury marker 1 and connective-tissue growth factor, and albuminuria compared to female wild-type rats (WT). However, four weeks postpartum, most PE-related renal pathologies were absent, including albuminuria and elevated biomarker expression. Only mild enlargement of the glomerular tuft could be detected. Overall, the glomerular and tubular function were affected during pregnancy in the transgenic PE rat. However, almost all these pathologies observed during PE recovered postpartum. 相似文献
23.
以CuBr为催化剂,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮为溶剂,在110℃用3-溴噻吩与过量的甲醇钠进行取代反应合成3-甲氧基噻吩,收率为82.3%。再以无水KHSO4为催化剂,3-甲氧基噻吩分别与乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇和辛醇在105~115℃反应2.5、2.5、3、3.5、3.5和3.5h,合成了3-乙氧基噻吩、3-丙氧基噻吩、3-丁氧基噻吩、3-戊氧基噻吩、3-己氧基噻吩和3-辛氧基噻吩,收率分别为75.8%、73.5%7、0.4%、68.7%、66.3%、55.3%。这些化合物结构都通过IR1、HNMR和MS进行了表征,还进行了初步香味评价。结果表明它们都具有基本肉香味的特征。 相似文献
24.
很多大中型灌区在输配水过程中存在水位衔接不当的问题,加之田面高程存在起伏,使得灌溉时往往存在部分田面不能上水或受淹等问题。本文提出了空间灌溉率的概念,并利用GIS的三维分析功能研究了其与渠道渠首水位之间的关系。分析表明,空间灌溉率与渠首水位之间的关系符合Logistic曲线;针对船行灌区一支渠,得到该Logistic曲线的参数,并确定了一支渠渠首和干渠渠首不同空间灌溉率所需的水位,为灌区水位实时调控提供基础数据。 相似文献
25.
脯腊是我国传统食品加工制作的特色食品,历史渊源久远。但典籍中对于脯腊的记录大多较为零散,甚至语焉不详。北魏贾思勰撰著的《齐民要术》一书中有"脯腊"专章,对我国古代脯腊的制作进行了系统、详细的总结与记录,为我们今天研究古代脯腊制作与历史沿革等相关内容提供了极为宝贵的文献资料。 相似文献
26.
杨明华 《扬州大学烹饪学报》2014,(1):10-13
进食不仅是维系人类生存和繁衍的日常行为,亦是人类生活本质特征的体现。人类对食物的选择和喜好,受到社会文化的重要影响。肉食消费是探知社会与文化内涵的最基本和最重要的领域。人们对肉食的占有,仪式性地大量宰杀牲畜以及分配、消费,都是社会文化生产的一种方式。 相似文献
27.
Susana P. Alves Payam Vahmani Cletos Mapiye Tim A. McAllister Rui J. B. Bessa Michael E. R. Dugan 《Lipids》2021,56(6):539-562
Trans (t) fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (i.e., industrial trans) have been phased out of foods in many countries due to their promotion of cardiovascular disease. This leaves ruminant-derived foods as the main source of TFA. Unlike industrial TFA where catalytic hydrogenation yields a broad distribution of isomers, ruminant TFA are enzymatically derived and can result in enrichment of specific isomers. Comparisons between industrial and ruminant TFA have often exonerated ruminant TFA due to their lack or at times positive effects on health. At extremes, however, ruminant-sourced foods can have either high levels of t10- or t11-18:1, and when considering enriched sources, t10-18:1 has properties similar to industrial TFA, whereas t11-18:1 can be converted to an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid), both of which have potential positive health effects. Increased t10-18:1 in meat-producing ruminants has not been associated with negative effects on live animal production or meat quality. As such, reducing t10-18:1 has not been of immediate concern to ruminant meat producers, as there have been no economic consequences for its enrichment; nevertheless at high levels, it can compromise the nutritional quality of beef and lamb. In anticipation that regulations regarding TFA may focus more on t10-18:1 in beef and lamb, the present review will cover its production, analysis, biological effects, strategies for manipulation, and regulatory policy. 相似文献
28.
29.
Karun Rawat Fadhel M. Ghannouchi Meenakshi Rawat Mohammad S. Hashmi 《国际射频与微波计算机辅助工程杂志》2011,21(3):325-335
This article proposes an analytical design methodology for dual‐band hybrid couplers and baluns structures for any arbitrary frequency ratio using a stub‐loaded transmission line. An analysis of changing the impedance behavior of the stub, is carried out for the two bands of operation, which along with a dispersive analysis, emphasizes certain conditions where the existing methodology is not applicable. In addition, an extra degree of freedom has been included to increase the solutions for a given frequency ratio, thus providing greater flexibility and feasibility of the proposed structure. The design methodology is experimentally validated with the design and fabrication of dual‐band branch‐line and rat‐race couplers for various commercial frequency bands. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE , 2011. 相似文献
30.