鲀毒鱼毒素检测及物种鉴定技术研究进展

鲀毒鱼引起的河鲀毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)中毒是中国沿海地区食物中毒致死的主要原因之一.河鲀毒素中毒发病迅速,至今尚无特效药,因此,通过检测TTX含量或鉴定携带TTX的物种可以更好地进行TTX中毒的风险分析、管理和控制.本文综述了鲀毒鱼TTX的检测技术以及鲀毒鱼物种鉴定的方法,以期能预警并减少鲀毒鱼引起的...     

静磁场对发酵鱼露工艺的影响

为探究鱼露酿造的新工艺,以淡水鱼下脚料为原料,粉碎成鱼糜与80 g/L盐、沪酿3.042米曲霉制成的酱油曲混合后,在静磁场环境下培养发酵生产鱼露.在不同静磁场环境下40℃发酵30 d,通过测定鱼露发酵过程中氨基态氮、总氮、挥发性盐基氮、无盐固形物、总酸、pH值和非酶褐变的变化,分析静磁场环境对鱼露发酵工艺及其品质的影响...     

金银冶炼过程中铋的综合回收

论述了金银冶炼产出的氧化渣中,采用单独还原熔炼和粗铋精炼回收铋及其技术控制。阐述了生产实践中的不断摸索和技术改进,介绍了适应以金银熔炼中产出氧化渣为原料,经济地生产市场急需、用户满意的高纯铋的工艺方法。     

悬浮澄清池-预涂动态膜错流过滤系统除浊效果及过滤机制研究

利用悬浮澄清池-预涂动态膜错流过滤系统处理淮河原水,考察其除浊效果及稳定性,同时对预涂动态膜错流过滤模型进行探讨。结果表明,悬浮澄清池-预涂动态膜错流过滤系统对浊度的总去除率可达99%以上,出水浊度0.2NTU以下;预涂剂为30g粉末活性炭和75g硅藻土并投加一定量聚铝进行二次混凝时,预涂动态膜错流过滤过程可用标准过滤模型描述,说明动态膜透水孔隙的堵塞可归结为颗粒在膜孔隙中的吸附、架桥等作用。研究结果为减少水浊度提供了新方法。     

益生菌在我国保健食品中的应用进展

由于益生菌类原料在调节肠道菌群和增强免疫力保健功能的研究比较系统,健康功效明确,因此,其在保健食品中应用越来越广泛,而且部分菌株已被国家市场监督管理总局明文规定允许用于婴幼儿食品的开发.随着科学技术的快速发展以及相关研究的不断深入,益生菌类原料具有的其它保健功能不断被发掘,而且作用机理也不断明晰,这为其在保健食品行业的...     

Cyclic perturbation of lowland river channels and ecological response

Certain lowland streams have experienced prehistorical and historical cycles of aggradation, occlusion, degradation, headward incision, and renewed aggradation. Historical cycles appear to be related to human activities. A case study is presented of the Yalobusha River in Mississippi with emphasis on the effects of blockage and removal on aquatic habitats and fish. The adjacent Skuna River, which was channelized and unblocked, was used in space for time substitution to infer effects of blockage removal on the Yalobusha. Variables describing physical aquatic habitat and fish were sampled from three groups of river reaches: unblocked channelized, channelized and blocked, and naturally sinuous. Fish collections were used to compute six indicators of ecological integrity. At baseflow, mean water depths were an order of magnitude lower in the unblocked channelized stream than for the others. In‐channel aquatic habitat volume per unit valley length was 5, 85, and 283 m³/m for the channelized, blocked channelized, and natural reaches, respectively. Mean values for all six ecological indicators were lowest for the channelized group. Species richness was greatest for the channelized blocked reach. The ecological indicators displayed gradients in response to the range of observed physical conditions. Management of corridors susceptible to the cycle described above should involve a blend of measures designed to conserve higher quality habitats.     

Using lactic acid bacteria for developing novel fish food products

Lactic acid bacteria‐induced fermentation of fish was tested with the purpose of developing a novel fish food product with desired meat properties. Three selected lactic acid bacteria strains, isolated from lightly preserved fish products, were inoculated into minced frozen fillet of yellowfin tuna, and changes in fish properties were observed during 52 days of storage at 8 °C. Organoleptic, bacteriological and biochemical studies (pH, histamine, TVB‐N, malonaldehyde) and shelf‐life measurements suggest that Leuconostoc mesenteroides could be considered as a possible starter culture for fish fermentation, but additional experiments should be performed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Textural and ultrastructural changes during processing and storage of lightly preserved salmon (Salmo salar) products

The effect of a controlled lactic fermentation on textural and ultrastructural properties of salmon fillets was evaluated. When compared with a non‐inoculated cured sample, fermented salmon had unique textural properties since it exhibited significantly higher force (p < 0.05) and work (p < 0.001) values in a penetration test on two sampling days but a consistently lower hardness (p < 0.05) in a Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) rheological test. Study of the myofibrillar ultrastructure showed that basic structures were drastically damaged during processing and storage of fermented and cured salmon. Nevertheless, Z‐lines were better preserved in fermented samples. It is suggested that the slight protective effect of lactic fermentation with the starter L sake may be the consequence of a lower pH, by putatively inhibiting neutral or alkaline proteolytic enzymes. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

云南省淡水湖泊鱼虾中多氯联苯食用安全性评估

目的对云南省5个淡水湖泊中鱼虾体内的多氯联苯(polychorinated biphenyl,PCBs)污染水平进行调查研究。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行检测分析,根据检测结果对云南省淡水湖泊中的鱼虾体内多氯联苯的含量进行食用安全性评估。结果云南省淡水湖泊中鱼虾体内的多氯联苯检出率为90%,多氯联苯的含量范围为ND～1.16μg/kg,平均含量为0.27μg/kg,低于国家标准限量。云南省淡水湖泊中鱼虾体内的多氯联苯按照世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)规定的多氯联苯毒性当量(toxic equivalent quantity,TEQ)分布于ND～6.51×10~(-5)μg/kg,平均值为1.21×10~(-5)μg/kg,低于欧盟的行动标准限量。结论云南省居民从云南省淡水湖泊鱼虾体内摄入持久性有机污染物多氯联苯的剂量较低,引起的健康风险较低。     

煤化工石脑油作为乙烯裂解原料的技术分析

由物性分析可知,煤化工石脑油中易裂解的链烷烃含量高(90%(w)),环烷烃、芳烃含量较低,芳烃潜含量低;结合860~900℃下裂解气/液相产物收率对比可知,煤化工石脑油为优质裂解原料,适宜在高温(900℃)下进行裂解;随着裂解温度升高,裂解液相收率降低,液相中芳烃含量提高,裂解液相以C_5~205℃组分为主(75%(w)),苯、甲苯、二甲苯合计占70%(w)以上。与炼厂拔头油、石脑油相比,煤化工石脑油价格低、产量将逐年增加,裂解乙烯、三烯收率高而液相产物收率略低,因此,煤化工石脑油作为乙烯企业原料结构的合理补充,将是解决乙烯原料短缺和提升煤炭资源深加工经济效益的新路径。