印度塔塔钢铁公司的技术进步

介绍了塔塔钢铁公司的煤炭、铁矿石等自有原料资源，塔塔钢铁公司采用的设备与技术的状况和近年的扩张情况，同时分析了它今后的发展方向。     

电子束辐照对生湿面条杀菌效果及品质影响的研究

为减少防腐剂的使用,并延长生湿面条的货架期,利用电子束辐照处理生湿面条,研究其对生湿面条杀菌效果及品质的影响。结果表明：电子束辐照对细菌和霉菌的杀菌效果明显（P<0.05）,D₁₀值(杀死90%微生物所需的辐照剂量)分别为1.64 kGy和2.53 kGy。生湿面条的明度值L*显著提高（P<0.05）,2~5 kGy下辐照生湿面条的黄度值b*明显降低（P<0.05）。电子束辐照处理后的生湿面条中水分含量和蒸煮吸水率变化不显著（P>0.05）,1~3 kGy蒸煮损失率显著降低（P<0.05）。1~3 kGy电子束辐照处理后的生湿面条硬度无显著变化（P>0.05）,5 kGy时咀嚼性显著提高（P<0.05）,1 kGy时黏性显著降低（P<0.05）,弹性变化不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,电子束辐照对生湿面条杀菌效果显著,4 kGy以下对品质影响不大。     

粉末冶金摩擦材料的应用现状及对原材料的要求

粉末冶金技术在中国的应用获得快速发展。系统介绍了粉末冶金摩擦材料在飞机刹车、坦克制动、离合器片、风电制动器主轴、高速列车制动闸片等领域的国内外应用现状,并对粉末冶金摩擦材料的原材料提出了具体要求,以期对粉末冶金技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

300 kt/a硫磺制酸装置及试生产

介绍浙江忠鹏化工有限公司300 kt/a硫磺制酸装置的工艺流程、设备及试生产情况。该系统在设计中成功地应用了不锈钢和碳钢相结合转化器、新型大孔板波形管碟环式换热器、阳极保护不锈钢酸冷却器、热管省煤器、DCS控制系统等新材料、新技术,使装置运行可靠,技术指标先进。72 h性能考核表明,系统设计合理,主要工艺指标达到设计要求,总转化率达99.94%,吸收率达99.998%,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

酸解法提取胡萝卜果胶的工艺研究

通过正交试验优化了酸解法提取胡萝卜果胶的工艺条件,研究表明,其最优工艺条件是:料液比1∶30,提取时间90 min,提取温度95 ℃,所得的胡萝卜果胶提取率为15.64%.     

β-葡聚糖提取过程中果胶类物质分解

在碱法提取β-葡聚糖过程中,酒精沉淀β-葡聚糖工艺中有大量果胶一同沉淀下来,降低β-葡聚糖纯度。该实验采用添加果胶酶方法除去果胶,实验以西藏青稞和燕麦为原料,经过碱法粗提β-葡聚糖,然后调节pH,加入果胶酶溶液,在一定温度下反应一段时间,反应液浓缩后经酒精沉淀,沉淀物即为较纯β-葡聚糖。实验中研究不同pH、温度、酶加量及反应时间对酶解β-葡聚糖中果胶影响,确定酶解果胶最佳条件为：pH=3;温度为50℃;酶加量为120 U/g;反应时间为5 h;添加果胶酶使燕麦和青稞中β-葡聚糖提取率分别从0．1%和0．2%提高到1．9%和2．2%;利用粘度法测得青稞中提取β-葡聚糖分子量为1．8×10~4,燕麦中提取β-葡聚糖分子量为2．1×10~4。     

果胶超滤纯化过程传质模型和动力学分析

研究了果胶提取液超滤膜分离处理过程传质特征,建立了渗透通量、膜面浓度与压差的传质模型,并对膜阻力和浓差极化阻力进行了定量描述;同时对超滤过程的动力学进行了分析.     

Surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed for pretreatment of micro-polluted Yellow River raw water in China

In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. The contamination removal efficiency and their trends in the wetland treatment system were studied under different hydraulic loading rates（HLR）. The contamination removal efficiencies were compared according to the seasonal change under optimum HLR. The result shows that in the same season, under different hydraulic loadings ranging from 2 to 6 m^3/（ m^2 · d） at the same period, the best HLR is 4 m^3/（ m^2 ·d） in the experimental system. The average removal rates of COD, TN, ammoniacal nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and TP in the constructed wetland are 38.37%, 45.97% , 39. 86% and 41.69%, respectively. According to China Standard for Surface Water Resources （GB3838 -2002） , mean effluent of COD, TN, NH4^＋ -N and TP can nearly reach Grade Ⅲ, Grade Ⅴ, Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅰ , respectively. Furthermore, treatment efficiency of the system in summer is obvious higher than that in other seasons. The expenditure of constructing the constructed wetland with the average treating capacity of 176 m^3/d and lifetime of 20 years is 17075.00 RMB. The average disposal cost is summed up to 0. 17 RMB/m^3 , which shows that the pretreatment of the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland is feasible.     

Arabinoxylan and Pectin Metabolism in Crohn’s Disease Microbiota: An In Silico Study

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disorder including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD). Gut dysbiosis is often associated with CD, and metagenomics allows a better understanding of the microbial communities involved. The objective of this study was to reconstruct in silico carbohydrate metabolic capabilities from metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from healthy and CD individuals. This computational method was developed as a mean to aid rationally designed prebiotic interventions to rebalance CD dysbiosis, with a focus on metabolism of emergent prebiotics derived from arabinoxylan and pectin. Up to 1196 and 1577 MAGs were recovered from CD and healthy people, respectively. MAGs of Akkermansia muciniphila, Barnesiella viscericola DSM 18177 and Paraprevotella xylaniphila YIT 11841 showed a wide range of unique and specific enzymes acting on arabinoxylan and pectin. These glycosidases were also found in MAGs recovered from CD patients. Interestingly, these arabinoxylan and pectin degraders are predicted to exhibit metabolic interactions with other gut microbes reduced in CD. Thus, administration of arabinoxylan and pectin may ameliorate dysbiosis in CD by promoting species with key metabolic functions, capable of cross-feeding other beneficial species. These computational methods may be of special interest for the rational design of prebiotic ingredients targeting at CD.     

基于马钢一铁原料条件下的低硅烧结研究

根据马钢一铁总厂的烧结原料条件,进行了低硅烧结研究。试验结果表明,在采取相应的技术措施后,完全可以将烧结矿的SiO2降至4．5％左右,且不会造成烧结矿质量下降。