国外微波能在原油脱水过程中的工程化应用

原油含水对原油的储存、运输、炼制都存在有很大的危害,选择高效、环保、节能的原油脱水方法对油田生产和石油加工至关重要。微波原油脱水作为一种新型的高效、节能脱水技术,越来越受到石油加工企业的青睐。国内许多高校、研究单位做了许多微波原油脱水技术的实验室研究,但由于微波功率源的制约,微波脱水技术在工程化应用方面一直没有得到明显进展。本文将介绍微波原油脱水原理,给出了美国IPRC公司微波脱水工程化应用的实例,国内相关人员也可藉此对微波原油脱水技术进行深入了解,加快此项技术在国内工程化应用的研究进程。     

超临界CO_2萃取香料精油的研究

本文对熏衣草、百里香、野百里香和迷迭香４种香料单独或两种香料混合超临界ＣＯ２萃取和分级分离香料精油的工艺可行性，以及采用ＧＣ，ＧＣ－ＭＣ对萃取物的主要成分分析进行了初步研究。从两种香料混合物中革取所获产率等于从每种香料所获产率之平均值，混合萃取明显提高精油和树脂两种产品的分离效率，两种香料混合物的萃取物所含的主要成分与两种香料单独萃取的成分相同，但浓度有明显差别。     

苏子油多不饱和脂肪酸尿素富集研究

采用尿素富集法，使苏子油中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量由原来的７６．９％提高到９９．９％，亚麻酸含量由６４．７％提高到９０．９％。从而使脂肪酸的质量有了进一步的提高。     

原料粉末对纳米Cu-30％Ag合金粉粒特性的影响

利用感应等离子制备了纳米Cu-30%Ag(质量分数)合金粉,研究原料粉对纳米粉形貌、粒径的影响。结果表明,在感应等离子工艺参数不变条件下,随着原料粉粒径由35.9μm减小至20.1μm和11.3μm,纳米Cu-30%Ag(质量分数)合金粉尺寸逐渐由274 nm细化至105 nm和89 nm,但原料粉对纳米粉的形貌无明显影响。     

Characterisation of the Essential Oils of some Cultivated Aromatic Plants of Industrial Interest

The compositions of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L, Salvia lavandulifolia V and Lavandula latifolia M, obtained by steam distillation from plants cultivated in the northeast of Spain, have been studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The essential oil of rosemary appears to be more complex and richer in flavour notes than other previously studied Spanish rosemary oils, and has an intermediate ratio of α-pinene and of 1,8-cineole in relation to essential oils of rosemary of different geographical origins, but higher proportions of camphor, verbenone and linalool. The essential oil of sage has proportions of 1,8-cineole, camphor, endo-borneol, trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene closer to commercial Salvia officinalis L than to other Spanish sages of different geographical locations, and the difference from commercial Salvia officinalis L is due principally to the higher ratio of terpene hydrocarbons and the lower proportion of thujone in the Spanish sage studied here. The essential oil of the spike lavender has the same main components and similar proportions as other Spanish wild and commercial spike lavender essen-tial oils, but shows differences in the nature of the minor components (rhodinol fraction).     

太赫兹衰减全内反射油品检测系统中的棱镜设计

为了获得油品在太赫兹波段的衰减全内反射光谱,实现对油品的在线检测,利用光的折射定律,对太赫兹衰减全内反射系统中的核心部件——衰减全内反射棱镜进行了设计和实验。设计了单次反射棱镜,根据不同物质对太赫兹波的吸收程度不同,将单次反射棱镜用于太赫兹衰减全内反射系统,并进行了水和成品油的测试实验,取得了样品的光谱数据;进一步设计了多次反射棱镜,以增加油品对太赫兹的吸收,并对其进行了光学仿真。结果表明,经过单次全内反射,油品对太赫兹的吸收非常有限,无法实现对成品油的检测。该研究对下一步的油品检测是有帮助的。     

阻焊前塞孔工艺的应用

为了提高小孔径过孔的稳定性,现在越来越多的产品需要进行塞孔。本着提高生产效率,降低成本的方针,从油墨特性、工艺流程、生产控制几方面,对阻焊前塞孔工艺的制定进行了实验和总结。主要的研究方向:(1)不同阻焊前塞孔流程的比较;(2)塞孔印刷的堵孔板分析;(3)堵孔板塞孔和网绢塞孔的对比;(4)阻焊弹油影响因素的实验;(5)阻焊前塞孔产品后烤参数实验。阻焊前塞孔工艺不仅提高了产品通过的效率、节省了成本。并且由于减少了砂带磨铜,减少了产品的受力变形,避免了外层、阻焊、铣床等环节,因产品尺寸涨缩导致的质量问题。     

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本文对“保护油气层防止地层损害”这一课题中的若干重要概念进行了探讨。对如何给地层损害下科学的定义。通过射孔完井电模拟试验,证明了某些情况下,射孔对地层的损害比钻井损害更为严重。目前普遍采用矿场试井法所确定的表皮系数作为地层是否受损的差别标准是不够确切的。     

Evaluation of shortenings based on various palm oil products

Several formulations based on blends of hydrogenated palm oil (MP 41·5°C) and palm stearin (IV 44) with other liquid oils, on direct blends of palm stearin with other liquid oils, and on 100% inter-esterified palm olein, were used as feedstocks in shortening production. The shortenings were stored at 20°C over a period of one month. Physicochemical characteristics, creaming properties and baking performance of the shortenings were evaluated and compared with the best shortening on the market. Slip melting point of the shortenings ranged from 41·5 to 46·4°C. Palm-cottonseed oil shortenings had higher solid fat contents at all temperatures than palm-soya bean or palm-low erucic acid rapeseed oil shortenings. The shortenings were rich in C₅₀, C₅₂and C₅₄ glycerides. Creaming power after 12 min of beating ranged from 1·55 to 1·77 cm³ g^?1. Palm stearin-cottonseed (3:2) oil shortening showed the best creaming performance. The specific volume of cakes ranged, for the experimental shortening, from 90% to 101% from the control, with low erucic acid-palm blends showing the best performance. In applications for both aerated cream and cakes, inter-esterified palm olein was excellent.