Layering garments during rest and exercise in the cold (8°C): wearer responses and comparability with selected fabric properties

How garments contribute to performance of the clothing system during wear is of interest, as is understanding the value of using fabric properties to inform end-use characteristics. To investigate the influences of layering upper-body garments, four fabrics were used to construct two first-layer garments (wool and polyester) and two outer-layer garments (wool and membrane laminate). Over six sessions, 10 moderately trained males wore each first-layer garment as a single layer and in combination with each outer-layer garment while resting, running and walking in cold environmental conditions (8 ± 1°C, 81 ± 4% RH). Here, the type of garment arrangement worn (fabric type or number of layers) had little influence on heart rate, core body temperature and change in body mass. Weighted mean covered skin temperature was warmer and weighted mean next-to-skin vapour pressure was typically higher (following the onset of exercise) with two layers versus one. Differences among fabrics for individual properties were typically overstated compared to differences among corresponding garments for physiological and psychophysical variables under the conditions of this study. These findings inform the interpretation of particular fabric properties and highlight issues to be acknowledged during development/refinement of fabric test methods.

Practitioner Summary: We examined the way in which selected fibre, fabric and garment (layering) characteristics contribute to performance of the clothing system during wear under cold conditions. Selected properties of the constituent fabrics were found to provide limited insight into how garments perform during wear under the conditions of this study.     

水下拖曳体多源信息监控系统设计与实现

基于海洋电法探测系统中水下拖曳体对多源信息实时监控的需求,设计了一种准实时监测拖曳体的运动状态与环境信息的监控系统。该系统可与水面监控器保持命令与数据沟通,并在监控器的指令下启动水下电法仪执行参数设置、数据采集等操作。经系统样机的海上测试结果表明,系统性能稳定可靠,能够在其他水下信息采集作业中得到推广应用。     

凝固条件对纤维素/丝素蛋白纤维相形态及性能的影响

蛋白质纤维具有光滑柔顺、透气吸湿等优点,然而天然蛋白纤维产量有限。再生蛋白纤维的制备通常采用与其它成纤高分子接枝或共混的方法,有利于提高再生蛋白纤维的断裂强度。选用同为天然高分子的纤维素为基体,以共溶剂溶解纤维素与蛋白质,进而纺丝成形制得力学性能满足要求的纤维素/丝素蛋白共混纤维。为了探究凝固剂组成对纤维素/丝素蛋白共混纤维相形态及性能的影响,选用水、乙醇、乙醇/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)等作为凝固剂。研究发现:乙醇作为凝固剂时,纤维素与丝素蛋白能很好地同时凝固;而当在乙醇凝固浴中加入适量的[BMIM]Cl径向均匀分散。通过对凝固剂组成的调控能有效提升纤维的力学强度。     

Effects of real‐time visual feedback on pre‐service teachers' singing

This pilot study focuses on the use real‐time visual feedback technology (VFT) in vocal training. The empirical research has two aims: to ascertain the effectiveness of the real‐time visual feedback software ‘Sing & See’ in the vocal training of pre‐service music teachers and the teachers' perspective on their experience with VFT. Forty participants from an undergraduate music teacher education programme were randomly assigned to three groups. The first two groups were assigned the teacher and student versions of Sing & See, respectively, and the third group served as a control group without access to the software. The experimental groups were given 12 weeks to use the software for vocal training on a self‐regulated basis. The technique of complex selections (TCS) was designed to assess the pitch accuracy and richness of vocal timbre. Pre‐ and post‐test singing tasks showed that the participants from the experimental groups significantly improved their vocal timbre. A questionnaire survey conducted after the training period found that most of the participants in the experimental s were positive about the effectiveness of VFT software in vocal training. As future leaders in the implementation of music education technology, pre‐service music teachers expressed a positive attitude towards the use of VFT as a technology‐enhanced learning (TEL) component in music education.     

A study on the moisture sorption characteristics in woven sisal fabric reinforced natural rubber biocomposites

Textile biocomposites were prepared by reinforcing natural rubber with woven sisal fabric. Sisal fabric was subjected to various chemical modifications like mercerization, silanization, and thermal treatment. The moisture uptake of the textile composites was found to depend upon fiber content as well as architecture. The mechanism of diffusion in the composites was found to be fickian in nature. The effect of chemical modification of sisal fabric on moisture uptake was also analyzed. Mercerization was seen to increase the water uptake in the composites while thermally treated fabric reinforced composites exhibited lower water uptake. The influence of temperature on water sorption of the biocomposites is also analyzed. The thermodynamic parameters of the sorption process were also evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 416–423, 2006     

Production of antimicrobially active silk proteins by use of metal‐containing dyestuffs

The work presented here discusses a new technique for preparing silk fibers and films with persistent antimicrobial activity through use of metallic dyestuffs during the fiber dyeing process. The length of the silk fibers investigated contracted when the fibers were immersed in concentrated neutral salt solutions, such as calcium or potassium nitrate, at elevated temperature levels. The birefringence and molecular orientation of the silk fibroin molecules became less ordered by the action of the neutral salt solutions, resulting in increased dyestuff absorption. Subsequently, contracted silk fibers were dyed with metallic dyestuffs containing Cr or Cu for the purpose of obtaining silk fibers with antimicrobial activity. Silk fibers dyed with metallic dyestuffs showed significant antimicrobial activity against the plant pathogen Cornebacterium and the human pathogen Coli bacillus. Tensile strength of the silk fibers after the salt shrinking and dyeing processes did not show a significant change, whereas the elongation at break was increased slightly. The techniques described here for preparing significantly active antimicrobial silk fibers are effective and economic ways of providing new materials for industrial and biomedical applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1181–1188, 2002     

聚苯胺/涤纶导电织物再掺杂及洗涤性能的研究

采用现场吸附聚合法制备了聚苯胺 /涤纶导电织物 ,采用不同种类的酸对其进行再掺杂 ,研究了酸的种类对织物导电性能的影响 ,并对导电织物进行了洗涤实验及洗涤牢度实验。结果表明 :无机酸对导电织物的掺杂效果优于大多数有机酸。导电涤纶织物的导电性能受洗涤液酸碱度的影响 ,其中碱性洗涤液使导电性能降低 2个数量级 ,酸性洗涤液使导电性能下降 1个数量级 ,而且聚苯胺在涤纶织物表面具有良好的附着性     

基于轮廓波变换的织物疵点图像消噪新方法

为了实现织物疵点图像的有效消噪,使其更有利于特征提取和疵点检测,提出了基于轮廓波变换的织物疵点图像消噪新方法。综合考虑轮廓波方向子带能量的大小与织物疵点图像轮廓细节之间的关系,对Donoho多尺度分解阈值进行修正,改进了Donoho多尺度分解阈值对图像细节"过扼杀"的缺点。实验结果表明,对织物疵点图像进行基于轮廓波变换改进阈值消噪时,该方法更好地保留了织物疵点图像的轮廓细节,峰值信噪比显著提高。采用改进的轮廓波Donoho多尺度分解阈值消噪后的图像,可以更好地应用于织物疵点图像的特征提取和疵点识别。     

安全苛刻系统自动化测试的形式化语义模型

安全苛刻系统的可信性需求典型而迫切,其可信性评估和验证具有测试依赖性.安全苛刻系统一般是复杂系统,手工测试实际上不可行,发展自动化测试手段是必然趋势.针对安全苛刻系统测试过程自动化中存在的高阶协同、实时和时序性,以Ambient演算、CCS演算、论域理论等为基础,给出测试过程的高阶协同定义,建立一种层次化演算模型,为测试过程提供一种信息化和自动化手段.模型通过对被测产品、测试设备与测试任务的抽象与组织,给出安全苛刻系统测试过程自动化的工作模式.最后,通过扩展标记转换系统定义,给出高阶协同行为的收敛性和正确性的证明,论证了模型的可计算性,验证了安全苛刻系统测试的可自动化.模型已应用于航天器的自动化测试中,并成为航天器测试行为的日常工作规范.