烟草水分胁迫研究进展

综述了烟草水分胁迫与烟株生长发育、烟株生理变化以及产、质量的关系,并展望了今后的研究方向.     

硼对烤烟生长及养分吸收的影响

在溶液培养条件下,研究了不同B033-浓度对烤烟生长和养分吸收的影响.结果表明,营养液中B033-浓度为0 50-2.00mg/L的各处理烤烟的株高和干物质的积累量高于其他3个处理.不同B033-浓度下烤烟各器官对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少.BO33-浓度为0 50-2.00mg/L的各处理,烤烟各器官对氮磷钾的吸收量明显高于其他处理.缺硼(BO33-＜0 50mg/L)或硼浓度过高(BO33≥200mg/L)时都会抑制烤烟的生长发育、干物质和养分的积累.     

一种新型两性淀粉的制备方法

研究了在低温条件下,采用同一醇与水的混合溶剂使淀粉与3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵和氯乙酸进行醚化反应,制得一种新型的两性淀粉.并探讨了反应温度、反应时间以及阳离子醚化剂、阴离子醚化剂用量对其取代度的影响.     

粗纺呢绒缩呢工艺的优化研究

粗纺缩呢工序是粗纺毛织物整理加工过程中的一项重要工序,对产品质量起着十分重要的作用。利用正交试验的方法,对纯毛麦尔登产品后整理的缩济用量、pH值、缩箱压力三因素进行正交试验,优选出最佳加工工艺参数为：缩剂用量4％,缩箱压力0．15MPa,pH值9．5。     

煮练酶在纯棉粗厚织物前处理中的应用

通过对比实验发现：煮练酶SKD-301堆置工艺较传统前处理更有助于纯棉机织物强力的保护及失重率控制,但对于棉纱质量较差的粗厚织物,尚需借助碱氧煮漂工艺完成PVA浆及棉籽壳的退除。     

Influence of the dehydration process on active compounds of okara during its fractionation

Okara (residue of the soymilk manufacture) is rich in proteins, fibres and lipids. It also contains isoflavones that possess health‐promoting properties. A new method has been developed for the valorization of fibres from okara by hydrolysis of insoluble proteins with a protease and removal of the oil. Three different processes were investigated: the first one involved delipidation and drying prior to proteolysis and led to the highest content of fibre (80%) in the final product. The second used proteolysis on crude okara followed by solvent delipidation–dehydration and gave an intermediate content of fibre (75%). The last process was totally enzymatic (proteolysis and lipolysis) and gave the lowest content of fibre in the final product (50%). Fibre water‐holding capacity was correlated to the total dietary fibre content of each sample. It was preferable to use crude okara for hydrolysis, since oven‐drying during the process decreased the water‐holding capacity and modified the isoflavone profile of okara. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

GA固胶工艺对茧丝性能的影响

为提高丝胶的稳定性,论文采用戊二醛（GA）固胶技术,探讨GA固胶工艺对茧丝性能的影响。论文从固胶茧丝回潮率、白度、茧丝蛋白稳定性、力学性能及茧丝导热系数、红外光谱的测试和分析等方面研究茧丝的性能。结果表明,GA固胶有效地减小了水溶性,提高了茧丝的蛋白稳定性;固胶茧丝的公定回潮率有所下降,下降幅度在1%～4%;断裂强力、断裂伸长率均有所增加,初始模量有所下降;导热系数变化不大,仍能保持良好的保暖性;红外光谱特征吸收峰的一些特征峰的峰形、峰位、峰高稍有改变,某些特征峰的波数发生了位移,说明固胶后茧丝分子结构发生了一定程度的变化。     

Lactic acid production using waste generated from sweet potato processing

Organic waste generated from industrial sweet potato canning is estimated to be 30% of incoming raw material with significant residual carbohydrate content. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of waste generated from sweet potato processing material to support the growth of lactic acid bacteria and the production of lactic acid. The waste was comprised of 16.5% solids consisting of 18.5% ash, 4.4% protein, 20.5% simple sugars and 19% soluble starch. Following a screening of three lactic acid bacteria strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus was deemed the best candidate for lactic acid production. The potential of various dilutions of the enzyme‐hydrolysed waste, with and without pH control, as a fermentation substrate was evaluated. Lactic acid production was highest in hydrolysed waste (without dilution) at pH set point 5.0, yielding 10 g L^?1 in 72 h. Thus, lactic acid, a valuable organic compound, can be generated from sweet potato waste.     

两种小麦搭配方案对制粉效果的影响

以来源于不同麦区的4个小麦品种为试验材料,分析研究了不同搭配比例对产品生产、质量、得率、收入、能源消耗等方面的影响,试验结果表明：以安徽白麦64%、丁集白麦8%、姜堰红麦28%搭配的方案A,总出粉率可以增加1.98%,特别是附加值较高的超级粉,更是能够增加7.91%,每生产100 t面粉产品,可增加收入5 909.6元,经济效益较好。     

盘磨机打浆过程控制的研究进展

在介绍盘磨机打浆理论新发展及比能量、游离度等传统控制模式的基础上,论述了建立在高级算法上的优化控制系统以及能实时测量和控制能耗的节能控制系统等打浆过程控制新进展,提出了研发功能更强大的新型在线传感器、建立多操作变量的优化控制系统等是未来盘磨机打浆过程控制发展的趋势。