On connections between 3-d microstructures and their 2-d images

The problem of recovery of three-dimensional microstructural parameters from two-dimensional images is addressed in its inverse form. Three-dimensional inhomogeneous solids with known microstructures are generated virtually and images of their cross-sections are analyzed. Three different types of randomly oriented microcracks and microcracks having preferential orientation with some scatter. Somewhat unexpected result is that, in all the cases considered, three-dimensional defect densities are very close to average values of corresponding two-dimensional parameters.     

Determination of gas dispersion in vapor extraction of heavy oil and bitumen

In this work, a mathematical model is developed and simulated to determine gas dispersion along with solubility during the vapor extraction (Vapex) of live oil from a laboratory scale physical model. The physical model is a rectangular block of homogenous porous medium saturated with heavy oil and bitumen. At a given temperature and pressure, the block is initially exposed on its side to a solvent gas, which diffuses into the medium and gets absorbed. The absorption of gas reduces the viscosity of heavy oil and bitumen causing it to drain under gravity. The low-viscosity “live oil” is produced at the bottom of the porous block. The production of live oil with time is accompanied by the shrinkage of oil in the block as well as its increased exposure to gas from top. These phenomena of Vapex are described by the mathematical model, which is used to calculate live oil production with various values of gas solubility and dispersion. Their optimal values are determined for the vapor extraction of Cold Lake bitumen with butane by matching calculated live oil production with its experimental values published earlier.     

提高页岩干馏装置采油率的建议

分析了影响采油效率的三大因素，提出了改进建议。采用新的回收工艺对系统内含油瓦斯进行回收，以提高采油效益。     

Stretchable Gold Tracks on Flat Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Rubber Substrate

A process to fabricate stretchable gold tracks on silicone rubber substrates is studied by XPS, static water contact angle measurement, AFM, and SEM. The process involves several steps: removing uncured oligomers by hexane Soxhlet extraction; pre-stretching the substrate; activating the strained silicone surface by an oxygen plasma treatment; coating the strained substrate with 5 nm titanium and 80 nm gold layers; and finally releasing the sample. The plasma treatment creates a thin brittle silica-like layer that temporarily increases the substrate's surface energy. Indeed, the plasma treatment is followed by a hydrophobic recovery. As a consequence, the delay between plasma treatment and metal deposition has to be reduced as much as possible. The silica-like layer can be nicely observed after release. The entire process allows us to obtain stretchable metallized samples that remain conductive even after an excessive deformation leading to electrical failure.     

油气吸收回收系统的研究及工业应用——(Ⅱ)工业试验及效果分析

在油气吸收回收系统中型试验的基础上，开发了常温常压吸收法工业化油气回收系统，并进行了工业应用。结果表明，该油气回收系统平均回收率可达95．13％，每年可回收汽油529t；装车期间装车口周围环境大气中总烃浓度平均降低98．06％。企业通过实施油气回收系统，节能及经济效益明显，且很好地改善了装车场所的作业环境，克服了油气排放带来的安全隐患。     

联合循环余热锅炉螺旋鳍片管烟气放热系数研究

东南大学建造了1座IGCC余热锅炉鳍片管受热面流动和传热热态试验装置,并先后在其上进行了2个不同螺旋鳍片管组的传热特性研究,通过分析比较实测的烟气侧对流放热系数与无量纲准则式计算的结果,得出了完全热模拟公式更为准确的结论。     

Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effects of nutrient conditions

Studies took place to investigate the effects of different nutrient conditions on the biosorption ability and selectivity of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After having grown in media supplemented with additional glucose, ammonium, phosphate or cysteine, the yeast was exposed to an equimolar solution of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper. Lead removal from a mixed solution was significantly higher than that of copper, followed by zinc and cadmium. Generally, yeasts from cysteine-rich media showed greatest sorption capacity whereas phosphate addition influenced zinc selectivity. In addition, glucose, fructose and sucrose as carbon sources were examined. Cultures grown in glucose had a better uptake than those cultivated with fructose at an incubation time of 30 min.     

本钢烧结矿冷却及其余热回收的试验研究

从烧结矿冷却并回收其余热的角度出发，介绍了利用烧结机尾落矿空间，采用喷吹空气装置对烧结矿进行冷却的小型模拟试验，从测出的结果来看，有可能成为一种新的烧结矿冷却方式。     

时效处理对 TiNi 合金相变与性能的影响

通过用ＴＥＭ等方法研究热处理制度（固溶处理、时效处理）对ＴｉＮｉ合金相变组织和性能的影响，找出了最佳热处理制度。结果表明，在４５０～５００℃进行时效处理，Ｔｉ－５０．８ａｔ％Ｎｉ的合金出现了大量的Ｔｉ３Ｎｉ４相，且恢复率最高。     

用于疏通油水井的脉冲放电技术

评价了各种不同的解堵技术，指出冲击波解堵是一种很有发展前途的技术。介绍了液中脉冲放电产生冲击波的基本原理，并由此研制出了一套井下脉冲放电油水井处理设备样机。通过现场试验，表明用冲击波疏通油井能较好地解除油井污染，提高采收率。