低温拜耳法赤泥高温溶出行为

赤泥是氧化铝生产过程中排放的强碱性固体废物,尤其对于三水铝石矿低温拜耳法产生的赤泥,其中含有大量的Al₂O₃未被溶出,造成资源的极大浪费。以低温拜耳法赤泥为原料,通过高温溶出回收其中的Al₂O₃,系统研究了石灰添加量、循环母液苛碱浓度、溶出温度、固含、溶出时间对Al₂O₃溶出性能的影响规律,获得了溶出过程中物相转变机理和溶出动力学。结果表明：低温拜耳法赤泥高温溶出过程中,Al₂O₃溶出率随苛碱浓度、溶出温度、时间的增加而增加,随着石灰添加量和固含的增加而降低。推荐Al₂O₃的溶出条件为：固含500 g/L、苛碱浓度210 g/L、溶出温度270℃、溶出时间60 min、溶出过程不添加石灰,在此条件下Al₂O₃溶出率为50.36%,溶出液硅量指数为260。Al₂O₃溶出过程受内扩散控制...     

关于热辐射体光谱“蓝移”问题的讨论

用克希霍夫定律,认真分析了光谱“蓝移”问题,我们认为,一般的热辐射体都是选择性辐射体,其光谱分布较黑体必然有“蓝移”及“红移”现象,并举出两个实例讨论了这一问题。     

Biocompatible Nanoparticles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics as Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Bioprobes for In Vitro and In Vivo Imaging Applications

Light emission of 2‐(2,6‐bis((E)‐4‐(diphenylamino)styryl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)malononitrile (TPA‐DCM) is weakened by aggregate formation. Attaching tetraphenylethene (TPE) units as terminals to TPA‐DCM dramatically changes its emission behavior: the resulting fluorogen, 2‐(2,6‐bis((E)‐4‐(phenyl(4′‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)amino)styryl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)malononitrile (TPE‐TPA‐DCM), is more emissive in the aggregate state, showing the novel phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). Formulation of TPE‐TPA‐DCM using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the polymer matrix yields uniformly sized protein nanoparticles (NPs) with high brightness and low cytotoxicity. Applications of the fluorogen‐loaded BSA NPs for in vitro and in vivo far‐red/near‐infrared (FR/NIR) bioimaging are successfully demonstrated using MCF‐7 breast‐cancer cells and a murine hepatoma‐22 (H₂₂)‐tumor‐bearing mouse model, respectively. The AIE‐active fluorogen‐loaded BSA NPs show an excellent cancer cell uptake and a prominent tumor‐targeting ability in vivo due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect.     

LD侧面泵浦Nd3+:YAG/KTP倍频晶体长度对660 nm激光功率影响的分析

利用四能级激光系统的速率方程和类高斯光束倍频理论,计算了在LD阵列侧面泵浦Nd3 :YAG/KTP660 nm红光激光器中,倍频晶体长度与谐波输出功率的函数关系,分析了激光器工作特性,优化选择了腔参数,得到与理论计算符合较好的实验结果.使用长度不同的KTP晶体,在180 W泵浦功率下,谐波输出功率最大输出3.75 W.选择优化的晶体长度,在210 W泵浦功率时,得到功率为5.83 W的660 nm红色激光.     

LD泵浦1.2W连续Nd：YAG/LBO红光激光器

报道了一种光纤耦合LD泵浦Nd：YAG晶体、腔内Ⅰ类临界相位匹配LBO倍频、瓦级连续输出的全固态红光激光器的设计和实验结果。采用短三镜折叠腔结构,在8W的注入泵浦功率下,获得了连续输出1．2W、波长为660nm的红光基模输出,光光转化效率达到15％。     

响应面法优化红柳枝烟熏液制备工艺及其理化特性分析

以红柳枝为实验材料,在高温下干馏（厌氧热解）得到烟熏液,通过单因素试验和响应面设计法,研究干馏温度、干馏时间和木材厚度对红柳枝烟熏液产率、酚含量、羰基化合物含量的影响,进而确定红柳枝烟熏液制备工艺参数的最优组合。在最佳制备工艺参数的基础上,探究干馏温度对红柳枝烟熏液色泽的影响和吸附精制处理对红柳枝烟熏液理化性质的影响。结果表明：最优参数组合为干馏温度402.22 ℃、干馏时间75.66 min、木材厚度0.627 cm,该条件下制备烟熏液的酚含量为10.066 mg/mL、羰基化合物含量为14.35 g/100 mL、烟熏液产率为33.082%;烟熏液的亮度值（L*）随干馏温度的增大而降低,黄度值（b*）、色度值和色调随干馏温度的增大变化趋势与L*相似,但红度值（a*）的变化趋势与L*相反（P＜0.05）,随干馏温度的升高,红柳枝烟熏液总色泽的变化趋势由淡黄色至棕褐色,当干馏温度为380 ℃时,总色差（ΔE）最小,红柳枝烟熏液的色泽鲜艳、与商业烟熏液最接近;大孔树脂与核桃壳吸附精制对烟熏液pH值没有影响,但降低苯并(a)芘含量、酚含量、羰基化合物含量和烟熏液产率（P＜0.05）,苯并(a)芘含量远低于国标限量（0.5 μg/kg）。     

Roles and Applications of Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Diseases

Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) are vesicles naturally produced by red blood cells and play multiple roles such as acting as cell-to-cell communication messengers in both normal physiological and diseased states. RBCEVs are highly promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents such as biomolecules and nucleic acids as they are easy to source, safe, and versatile. RBCEVs autonomously target the liver and pass the blood–brain barrier into the brain, which is highly valuable for the treatment of liver and brain diseases. RBCEVs can be modified by various functional units, including various functional molecules and nanoparticles, to improve their active targeting capabilities for tumors or other sites. Moreover, the RBCEV level is significantly shifted in many diseased states; hence, they can also serve as important biomarkers for disease diagnoses. It is clear that RBCEVs have considerable potential in multiple medical applications. In this review, we briefly introduce the biological roles of RBCEVs, presented interesting advances in RBCEV applications, and discuss several challenges that need to be addressed for their clinical translation.     

一种改进的FCM聚类算法及其在赤潮预测中的应用

针对传统FCM算法的不足,文中提出了一种改进的FCM算法,利用样本与聚类中心相似关系确定各样本对聚类中心的影响系数并对欧氏距离进行加权,使得聚类过程更加迅速,聚类结果更加稳定精确.最后的数据仿真结果也证明本文所作的改进是行之有效的.将改进的算法应用到赤潮预测预警中,直观地反映了海洋要素样本的分布情况,为赤潮预测预警展示了一种新方法.     

黄、红麻纤维的脱胶方法及国内外发展现状

麻类是人类最早种植利用的植物纤维之一,广泛应用于人们生产和生活的各个领域。要提高黄、红麻的产品档次和扩大其应用范围,关键的问题则是脱胶麻的质量。文章介绍了黄、红麻纤维脱胶的方法,麻纤维脱胶的发展现状。     

长期施肥对红壤土有机碳和全氮含量的影响

在实施24 a的长期田间定位试验区,研究了不同施肥处理对红壤性水稻土剖面有机碳及全氮含量的影响.结果表明,在不施肥(CK)及施无机肥(NPK)、有机肥(猪粪 紫云英绿肥)(OM)和无机肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)处理中,土壤有机碳和全氮含量从A层→P层→W1层→W2层均呈下降趋势,长期施肥对土壤有机碳和全氮含量的影响主要表现在表层.经过不同施肥处理,土壤有机碳和全氮总量表现出NPKM>OM>NPK>CK的趋势,有机肥和化肥长期配施能显著增加土壤有机碳和全氮含量.所有处理中,有机肥配施化肥处理使土壤C/N比高于其它处理.