响应面法优化红柳枝烟熏液制备工艺及其理化特性分析

以红柳枝为实验材料,在高温下干馏（厌氧热解）得到烟熏液,通过单因素试验和响应面设计法,研究干馏温度、干馏时间和木材厚度对红柳枝烟熏液产率、酚含量、羰基化合物含量的影响,进而确定红柳枝烟熏液制备工艺参数的最优组合。在最佳制备工艺参数的基础上,探究干馏温度对红柳枝烟熏液色泽的影响和吸附精制处理对红柳枝烟熏液理化性质的影响。结果表明：最优参数组合为干馏温度402.22 ℃、干馏时间75.66 min、木材厚度0.627 cm,该条件下制备烟熏液的酚含量为10.066 mg/mL、羰基化合物含量为14.35 g/100 mL、烟熏液产率为33.082%;烟熏液的亮度值（L*）随干馏温度的增大而降低,黄度值（b*）、色度值和色调随干馏温度的增大变化趋势与L*相似,但红度值（a*）的变化趋势与L*相反（P＜0.05）,随干馏温度的升高,红柳枝烟熏液总色泽的变化趋势由淡黄色至棕褐色,当干馏温度为380 ℃时,总色差（ΔE）最小,红柳枝烟熏液的色泽鲜艳、与商业烟熏液最接近;大孔树脂与核桃壳吸附精制对烟熏液pH值没有影响,但降低苯并(a)芘含量、酚含量、羰基化合物含量和烟熏液产率（P＜0.05）,苯并(a)芘含量远低于国标限量（0.5 μg/kg）。     

真空冶金法用磷矿石制备红磷试验初探

利用真空冶金技术,在一定的真空度下,用焦炭作还原剂,对用磷矿石直接制备红磷进行了试验研究,得到了比较优化的试验条件,即真空度(即残压)为50～20 Pa,反应温度在1050～1200℃之间时,可以得到粉末状红磷.85.8%的红磷粒径在200 μm以下.     

菌根技术在赤泥堆场植被恢复中的应用前景

菌根是植物根系与土壤真菌形成的互惠共生体,对提高植物抗逆能力十分重要。赤泥是氧化铝生产中排出的高碱性尾矿,赤泥堆场对环境造成不良影响,植被恢复困难。讨论了菌根的作用及其在工矿破坏区土壤修复中的应用;论述了菌根技术在赤泥堆场植被恢复中的应用策略,认为通过广泛调查和进行菌株及适生植物筛选试验,可以将菌根技术应用于赤泥堆场的植被恢复。     

铈(Ⅲ)-刚果红-牛血清白蛋白体系共振线性和共振非线性散射光谱研究及应用

基于铈-刚果红-牛血清白蛋白(Ce(Ⅲ)-CGR-BSA)三元离子缔合物的形成,构建了一种新的检测痕量铈的共振线性及共振非线性散射光谱(RNLS)分析法。研究发现,在pH 7.6的NH₃-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液中,Ce(Ⅲ)能够与刚果红、牛血清白蛋白反应生成粒径更大、疏水性更强的三元离子缔合物,致使体系的共振瑞利散射(RRS)、二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)强度迅速增加,其最大散射波长分别位于278、543和390 nm处。通过条件试验确定以0.6 mL pH 7.6的NH₃-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液作为反应介质,0.025 mg/mL刚果红溶液用量为1.8 mL,0.1 mg/mL 牛血清白蛋白溶液用量为1.0 mL,反应时间为5 min,且大量存在的常见离子对Ce(Ⅲ)的测定不产生干扰。进一步考察发现,在各自最大散射波长处,3种散射光强度的增强(ΔI_RRS,ΔI_SOS和ΔI_FDS)与Ce(Ⅲ)在2.0～10.0 μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,对Ce(Ⅲ)的检出限(3σ)分别为0.29 (RRS)、0.91 (SOS)和3.54 ng/mL(FDS)。同时,还对反应机理和散射光谱增强的原因进行了探讨。方法用于实际水样中铈的测定,相对标准偏差为0.94%~1.2%,测定值与原子吸收光谱法的结果相一致,加标回收率介于96%～102%之间。     

Light Spectral Composition Modifies Polyamine Metabolism in Young Wheat Plants

Although light-emitting diode (LED) technology has extended the research on targeted photomorphogenic, physiological, and biochemical responses in plants, there is not enough direct information about how light affects polyamine metabolism. In this study, the effect of three spectral compositions (referred to by their most typical characteristic: blue, red, and the combination of blue and red [pink] lights) on polyamine metabolism was compared to those obtained under white light conditions at the same light intensity. Although light quality induced pronounced differences in plant morphology, pigment contents, and the expression of polyamine metabolism-related genes, endogenous polyamine levels did not differ substantially. When exogenous polyamines were applied, their roborative effect were detected under all light conditions, but these beneficial changes were correlated with an increase in polyamine content and polyamine metabolism-related gene expression only under blue light. The effect of the polyamines on leaf gene expression under red light was the opposite, with a decreasing tendency. Results suggest that light quality may optimize plant growth through the adjustment of polyamine metabolism at the gene expression level. Polyamine treatments induced different strategies in fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which were induced for optimal plant growth and development under different spectral compositions.     

红皮萝卜泡菜自然发酵过程中乳酸菌的动态变化

以红皮萝卜为原料,用自然发酵法泡渍,研究其发酵过程中各优势乳酸菌的消长变化规律。从四种培养基中筛选出改良的MC培养基为各类乳酸菌计数培养基,总共得到了七种明显的菌落形态特征的乳酸菌,将其依次鉴定为乳明串珠菌(Leuconostoc lactis)、乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)、食窦魏斯氏(Weissella cibaria)、植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)、发酵乳杆菌(L.fermentum)。对发酵过程中各种乳酸菌计数,结果显示:泡萝卜发酵前期球菌比较旺盛,发酵后期以杆菌为主。泡菜液p H达到3.5后,球菌开始消失。      

干湿循环作用下泥质白云岩能量机制试验研究

为揭示红页岩破坏的力学特性和能量演化规律,通过电液伺服机对红页岩进行三轴压缩试验,研究不同干湿循环作用下红页岩试样峰值强度特征、力学特性和能量演化规律。结果表明：干湿循环次数对红页岩的抗压强度有显著的影响,并呈负相关关系;干湿循环作用会使岩样破坏阶段的脆性减弱,延性增强,降低其物理力学特性;对比干湿循环作用前后试样的变形特征曲线图,红页岩原试样的变形量大于干湿循环作用后的试样变形量,约为后者的1.7倍;红页岩破坏后,原试样的耗散能增长速率为干湿循环作用后试样的2.4倍,因为干湿循环作用会软化红页岩岩石内部结构,使其破坏时体积应变变化缓慢,从而导致耗散能相比于原试样增长较慢。

     

Optimization of the Alizarin Red S Assay by Enhancing Mineralization of Osteoblasts

The alizarin red S assay is considered the gold standard for quantification of osteoblast mineralization and is thus widely used among scientists. However, there are several restrictions to this method, e.g., moderate sensitivity makes it difficult to uncover slight but significant effects of potentially clinically relevant substances. Therefore, an adaptation of the staining method is appropriate and might be obtained by increasing the mineralization ability of osteoblasts. In this study, cell culture experiments with human (SaOs-2) and murine (MC3T3-E1) osteoblasts were performed under the addition of increasing concentrations of calcium chloride (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM) or calcitonin (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 nM). After three or four weeks, the mineralization matrix was stained with alizarin red S and the concentration was quantified photometrically. Only calcium chloride was able to significantly increase mineralization, and therefore enhanced the sensitivity of the alizarin red S staining in a dose-dependent manner in both osteoblastic cell lines as well as independent of the cell culture well surface area. This cost- and time-efficient optimization enables a more sensitive analysis of potentially clinically relevant substances in future bone research.     

山蓝红色素的微波提取工艺及抑菌活性

以植物山蓝为原料,采用水溶剂微波辅助提取红色素。通过单因素实验和正交实验优化提取工艺,并经过柱层析初步纯化红色素部分进行抑菌实验。结果表明:微波功率300 W,料液比1∶40（m/V）,提取温度60℃,提取时间9 min为山蓝红色素微波提取的最佳工艺条件,提取率为0.323%;提取得到的山蓝红色素对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度分别为500、400、700、500 mg·L^-1。      

红三叶预加工废水中叶绿素的提取及其稳定性研究

以红三叶鲜青草预加工废水为原料,研究提取叶绿素的方法。首先,采用醇沉法沉降红三叶预加工废水中的有机物;其次,采用醇提法浸提沉淀物中的叶绿素,并通过单因素及正交实验对提取条件进行了优化。结果显示,从废水中沉降有机物的最佳乙醇浓度为30%,固形物沉降率为39.45%;从沉淀物中浸提叶绿素的最佳条件为乙醇浓度90%、浸提温度60℃、浸提时间6h和料液比1∶25（g/mL）,叶绿素提取率为1.72mg/g。稳定性研究表明,该方法制备的红三叶叶绿素具有良好的耐热性和抗氧化性,在弱酸、弱碱条件下较稳定,Fe2+有助于其稳定性的提高,在光照条件下易发生降解。