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51.
The formation of a low Cr-volatility and electrically conductive oxide outer layer atop an inner chromia layer via thermal oxidation is highly desirable for preventing chromium evaporation from solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) metallic interconnects at the SOFC operation temperatures. In this paper, a number of ferritic Fe–22Cr alloys with different levels of Mn and Ti as well as a Ni-based alloy Haynes 242 were cyclically oxidized in air at 800 °C for twenty 100-h cycles. No oxide scale spallation was observed during thermal cycling for any of these alloys. A mixed Mn2O3/TiO2 surface layer and/or a (Mn, Cr)3O4 spinel outer layer atop a Cr2O3 inner layer was formed for the Fe–22Cr series alloys, while an NiO outer layer with a Cr2O3 inner layer was developed for Haynes 242 after cyclic oxidation. For the Fe–22Cr series alloys, the effects of Mn and Ti contents as well as alloy purity on the oxidation resistance and scale area specific resistance were evaluated. The performance of the ferritic alloys was compared with that of Haynes 242. The mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between the different layers in the oxide scale was identified as a potential concern for these otherwise promising alloys. 相似文献
52.
53.
环氧乙烷合成乙二醇的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
崔小明 《精细石油化工进展》2006,7(7):19-26
介绍了环氧乙烷合成乙二醇的主要生产方法,包括以壳牌、联碳化学公司以及Halcon—SD公司为代表的环氧乙烷直接水合法,环氧乙烷催化水合法和碳酸乙烯酯法,后两种乙二醇生产方法是目前国内外研究开发的热点。催化剂体系是催化水合法工艺的关键,重点介绍了国内外各主要公司对催化剂体系的研究进展及使用效果;碳酸乙烯酯法分为乙二醇和碳酸二甲酯联产法以及碳酸乙烯酯水解法,详细介绍了国内外各主要公司对该技术的研究进展,包括工艺流程、催化剂体系等方面。将3种乙二醇生产方法进行技术经济比较,结果表明,催化水合法和碳酸乙烯酯法在原料消耗和能耗方面占优势。并对我国乙二醇生产工艺技术提出建议。 相似文献
54.
Ruey-Shin Juang 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,54(1):75-80
The extraction of zinc from chloride solutions with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) dissolved in benzene has been thermodynamically studied based on the law of mass action. A model employing the simplified Pitzer equations for stoichiometric activity coefficient estimations is found to be effective for the explanation and prediction of the distribution data, and the thermodynamic extraction constant is determined as log Ket = 5.16 ± 0.11 at 20°C. 相似文献
55.
在气敏温度区域内研究了α-Fe_2O_3(SO_4~(2-),Sn)材料的电阻-温度特性,认为表面结构的变化导致温度特性出现峰值并呈现气敏性。可利用空气中电阻温度特性提供的信息改性或发现新的气敏材料。 相似文献
56.
Summary In flow through porous media, solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) exhibit extension thickening, whereas hydroxypropyl
guar (HPG) solutions are shear-thinning at high concentrations. The results show that the extension-thickening exhibited by
PEO solutions becomes less critical with increasing flow rate as the concentration of HPG in the solution is increased. At
high concentrations of HPG, the presence of PEO inhibits the shear-thinning behaviour, without increasing the apparent viscosity
of the solution. The presence of HPG reduces the rate and extent of degradation of PEO in the flowing solution. 相似文献
57.
The effect of reducing the reactor air pressure on the morphology of spray dried magnesium sulphate powders is investigated, experimentally. A reactor, capable of drying and pyrolyzing solution sprays at low pressures, is designed and manufactured. A vibrating mesh nebulizer is employed to generate the spray. Four different pressures, starting from 60 Torr to the atmospheric pressure, and two different reactor air temperatures of 130°C and 420°C, are considered. In addition, two different concentrations of magnesium sulphate solutions are tested. The results are explained based on the effect of reactor air pressure on the droplet evaporation rate. 相似文献
58.
The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures with hafnium oxide as the gate dielectric film were studied. Sharp shifts from a low-voltage ohmic regime to a tunneling conduction were observed in the high-voltage range. The paper demonstrates that this behavior can be described very well with a double-layer dielectric model. Excellent fittings of the experimental curves were obtained and the related key structural and physical parameters were obtained. The model fitting further suggests the optimal annealing conditions for preparing the hafnium oxide films. 相似文献
59.
60.
Low carbon steel was oxidized over the temperature range 1000‐1250°C in O2‐CO2‐H2O‐N2, O2‐H2O‐N2, and O2‐CO2‐N2 gas mixtures. Oxidation times were 12‐120 min. and the scales were 50‐2000 μm thick. The variations of these parameters were chosen to elucidate the phase composition of oxide scales under conditions similar to those of reheating furnaces in hot strip mills, using either thin slab casting or conventional casting and rolling technology. Two types of scales have been observed which are influenced by the furnace atmosphere, oxidation time, and temperature. The first type is a crystalline scale with an irregular outer surface, composed mostly of wustite (FeO), and a negligible amount of magnetite (Fe3O4). The second type is the classical three‐layer scale, composed of wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3). In general, the experiments showed that an increase in oxidation time decreased the percentage of wustite while the percentages of magnetite and hematite increased. A rise in oxygen concentration in the gas mixture increased the percentages of magnetite and hematite, confirming earlier experimental findings. In water vapour‐free atmospheres O2‐CO2‐N2, the oxide scales had a low percentage of wustite, and high percentage of magnetite and hematite. Carbon dioxide showed a small influence at 1100°C, and a negligible one at 1250°C. 相似文献