Effect of a Starch-Lipid Fat Replacer on the Rheology of Soft-Serve Ice Cream

ABSTRACT: The rheology of soft-serve ice creams prepared with Fantesk™, a starch-lipid composite, was compared to a commercial product. Fantesk™ describes a class of stable starch-lipid composites formed by steam-jet cooking, and is used in this case as a fat replacer. Waxy maize starch and butter were used, and the butter content was selected to give 0.5 to 1.1 wt% butter in the ice cream mix. Despite the lower level of fat, the overrun and rheological properties of the Fantesk™-based ice creams were similar to the commercial product when differences in the freezing behavior of the different formulations were accounted for.     

不完全冻结式冰盘管融冰过程中环水温度的变化特性

通过不完全冻结式冰盘管融冰过程的实验研究，分析了水平排列管束外环水温度的变化特性，得出了融冰后期环水升温的过程存在一个升温平台的结论，进而研究了不同初始蓄冰量等因素对环水温度变化特性的影响。     

武钢灵乡铁矿冰棒厂爆破拆除

介绍了孔内孔外微差相结合拆除双层夹墙冰库和天车间的爆破设计方案.提出了提高紧邻待保护建筑物构件炸高,以消除构件后坐危害的技术措施.     

Impact of oxidized off-flavor of ice cream prepared from milk fat

The influence of light-induced oxidation on ice cream quality was investigated by monitoring hydroperoxide formation of the oil fraction, sensory evaluation for oxidized off-flavor, and gas GC-MS analysis of developed volatile aldehydes following steam distillation/extraction of ice cream. Two ice cream samples containing 14.3% milk fat prepared from different milk fat materials, and a sample with 1000 ppm tocopherol added were exposed to 650 lx fluorescent light at −20°C. Ice cream prepared from each milk material showed a different time dependence for peroxide formation, and the addition of tocopherol reduced hydroperoxide formation. The correlation coefficient (r ²) between the PV and the sensory score was 0.483 (n=9), and the r ² between the total concentration of 10 volatile aldehydes developed during light exposure and the sensory score was 0.365. Among the 10 aldehydes, however, the highest correlation observed was between the amount of trans-2-decenal and the sensory score (r ²=0.864, n=9), and lowest correlation was between the amount of hexanal and the sensory score (r ²=0.302, n=9). These results suggest that exposure of ice cream in the frozen state to fluorescent light produces a unique composition of volatile aldehydes related to flavor deterioration induced by photooxidation of the milk fat in ice cream.     

对流换热条件下单平板蓄冷凝固特性研究

建立了对流换热条件下蓄冷平板单体内凝固过程变化规律的数理模型 ,并用一种简便方法求解了凝固过程非稳态移动界面传热问题 ;讨论了该蓄冷平板的传热特性 ,比较实验值与理论值后两者基本吻合 ,可满足工程设计计算需要。该结果为研究蓄冷平板堆积床凝固传热特性奠定了基础。     

河流水文学若干研究领域的回顾与展望

就 2 1世纪的产汇流理论、流域定量地貌、河流洪水、河流泥沙、河流热状况与冰情、河流资源利用、河流水质与河流生态环境等河流水文学主要研究领域的发展前景作了初步的展望 :要进一步揭示不同气候和下垫面条件下的产汇流规律 ,研制预测功能强的流域水文模型 ,发展和应用数字流域 ,深入揭示复杂条件下的洪水运动规律 ,提出高精度的分析计算方法 ;水流动力学与泥沙动力学相耦合的产沙计算方法将得到实际应用 ,河流输沙机理将进一步被揭示 ;继续探索河冰形成及河流冰情变化的热力学和水力学机理 ,完善冰凌数学模型 ,进一步揭示河流水流挟带污染物质的运动机理 ,完善水质模型 ,提高计算精度 ;要采用多学科综合的手段 ,深入探讨人类活动对河流生态系统的影响     

气缸——活塞组瞬态摩擦力的分布与计算

在发动机功率损失中,摩擦损失占相当大的比例。掌握摩擦力的分布规律是降低摩擦损失、提高发动机燃油经济性的基础。本文通过实验分析,得到了气缸——活塞组瞬态摩擦力,并按摩擦力特点进行分解,求得一个表征气缸——活塞组摩擦力分布的计算公式,为研究发动机气缸——活塞组摩擦力分布,提供了一个方便工具。     

Peau sèche-rêche et "Hydratation". Concept de la capture de l'eau organisée comme de la glace

About sixty years ago Frank and Evans showed, by entropy measurements, that when a "non-polar molecule dissolves in water it modifies the water structure in the direction of greater 'cristallinity', the water builds a microscopic iceberg around it" Now, we propose the "concept of ice-like-water capture": a lowering of organized ice-like water promotes aggregation (loss of solubility) of the filaggrin/keratin1/keratin10 associations through their hydrophobic patches. The capture of ice-like water may be performed by the glucoceramides-rich bilayers in stratum granulosum. Probably, the same process aggregates the proteins of corneocytes envelope as well as corneodesmosomes proteins. According to the "concept of ice-like-water capture", to regulate the keratinization, it is not total water that must be added to the stratum corneum, but ice-like water that must be removed from stratum granulosum. Both petrolatum (lipophilic ingredient) and glycerol (hydrophilic ingredient) would capture the ice-like water, most probably after combination with the lipid bilayers of stratum corneum. Moisturizing cream, when organized in secondary droplets is likely to perform the same action. Measurements by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of the skin show that petrolatum; glycerol and/or moisturizing cream enhance the quantity of bulk water (1890-1897 nm band). As the ice-like water is the complement of bulk water, the enhanced bulk water let presume an ice-like water lessening. Some desynchronization (late or forward) of the keratinization/differentiation which confer the somatosensory problems associated with "dry and flaky skin" may be linked to an excess or lack of ice-like. For instance, the winter xerosis, very common by chilling weather, could be explained by an increase of ice-like water driven by the fall of the temperature.     

关于混凝土道路裂缝防治技术的几点探讨

选用某变电所进所道路路面开裂的案例对砼路面开裂原因及防治机理进行了详细的分析,并提出了防止开裂和治理裂缝的几点措施方案,同时,详述了其理论依据.     

护坡工程静冰压力分析

在寒冷地区,水工建筑物经常会受到冰盖层冰压力的侵害和威胁,而护坡工程往往首当其冲,由于在设计时对冰压力估计不足,致使某些护坡遭受冰压力的作用而损坏.研究了计算护坡工程静冰压力的方法,可为高寒地区的堤坝护坡工程设计提供依据.