新型改性废旧聚苯乙烯高效水泥减水剂的研究(Ⅱ)——SPS高效减水剂的工艺条件研究

文章研究了SPS高效减水剂在生产和使用过程中的工艺条件。主要考察了磺化度、中和用碱、搅拌时问、掺加方法、掺量、蒸养等性能参数,找到了SPS高效减水剂适于大多数水泥的最佳生产和使用工艺条件。     

复掺减水剂在钻孔桩水下耐腐蚀混凝土中的应用

结合工程实践中的具体问题，提出了在混凝土配料时掺RC-l型减水缓凝剂和AE-B型引气性减水剂的复掺减水剂法，经过复掺减水剂试验，达到了工程要求，同时缩短了工期，节约了原材料。     

减缩剂和减水剂的相容性问题

本文通过对单掺减水剂和减缩剂以及双掺减缩剂和减水剂砂浆干缩性能的研究,指出减缩剂和减水剂存在相容性问题,即某些种类减水剂和减缩剂双掺时砂浆的干缩值要大于单掺相应减水剂砂浆的干缩值。     

聚羧酸减水剂对混凝土抗劈裂性能的影响及其机理探讨

以混凝土28 d的拉压比大小来评价混凝土抗裂性能的优劣,分析合成聚羧酸减水剂的羧基、氨基、磺酸基、羟基、酯基等各官能团比例,聚醚支链的长短,减水剂分子量大小等因素对混凝土抗裂性能的影响。初步探讨聚羧酸减水剂提高混凝土抗劈裂性能的机理。     

HX聚羧酸系减水剂性能研究

在2000L反应釜中,由工业级甲基丙烯酸、聚乙二醇单甲醚、催化剂、阻聚剂合成大单体,然后再与单体AP、甲基丙烯酸共聚合成HX聚羧酸混凝土减水剂,并对HX聚羧酸减水剂进行水泥混凝土性能试验.试验结果表明:工艺合成的HX聚羧酸减水剂质量稳定,碱含量低,具有高减水率,掺量1%减水率可达到27.5%,优于进口聚羧酸减水剂、国产PC;与萘系减水剂相比,HX聚羧酸减水剂可以明显降低混凝土成本0.5～4.5元/m3.     

大面积混凝土修补加固材料

大面积混凝土覆盖式修补加固技术核心是新浇筑混凝土抗裂性能要好和新老混凝土界面粘结强度要高.就粉煤灰、减缩剂及减水剂对砂浆强度、自收缩及抗裂性能的影响进行研究,结果表明粉煤灰等量替代水泥25%,减缩剂A4的加入及高性能混凝土配合比的合理设计,配制出抗裂性能和粘结性能良好的大面积混凝土修补加固用的混凝土.     

低强度芯柱自密实混凝土试验研究

采用当地原材料,在C20自密实混凝土初步配合比的基础上,利用外加剂的合理复合和调整粉煤灰掺量配制出了满足工作性和强度等级要求的C20芯柱自密实混凝土,并分析了外加剂及其掺量等对自密实混凝土拌合物工作性的影响。     

The effects of paints and moisture content on the indoor air emissions from pinewood (Pinus sylvestris) boards

The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials may significantly contribute to indoor air pollution, and VOCs have been associated with odor annoyance and adverse health effects. Wood materials together with coatings are commonly used indoors for furniture and large surfaces such as walls, floors, and ceilings. This leads to high surface-to-volume ratios, and therefore, these materials may participate remarkably to the VOC levels of indoor environment. We studied emissions of VOCs and carbonyl compounds from pinewood (Pinus sylvestris) boards of 10% and 16% moisture contents (MC) with three paints using small-scale test chambers (27 L). The emissions from uncoated pinewood and paints (on a glass substrate) were tested as references. The 28-day experiment showed that the VOC emissions from uncoated pinewood were lower from sample with 16% MC. Painted pinewood samples showed lower emissions compared to paints on glass substrate. Additionally, paints on 16% MC pinewood exhibited lower emissions than on drier 10% MC wood. The emissions from painted pinewood samples were dominated by paint-based compounds, but the share of wood-based compounds increased over time. However, we noticed differences between the paints, and wood-based emissions were clearly higher with the most permeable paint.     

The effects of warmth and CO2 concentration,with and without bioeffluents,on the emission of CO2 by occupants and physiological responses

The emission rate of carbon dioxide (CO₂) depends on many factors but mainly on the activity level (metabolic rate) of occupants. In this study, we examined two other factors that may influence the CO₂ emission rate, namely the background CO₂ concentration and the indoor temperature. Six male volunteers sat one by one in a 1.7 m³ chamber for 2.5 h and performed light office-type work under five different conditions with two temperature levels (23 vs. 28°C) and three background concentrations of CO₂ (800 vs. 1400 vs. 3000 ppm). Background CO₂ levels were increased either by dosing CO₂ from a cylinder or by reducing the outdoor air supply rate. Physiological responses to warmth, added CO₂, and bioeffluents were monitored. The rate of CO₂ emission was estimated using a mass-balance equation. The results indicate a higher CO₂ emission rate at the higher temperature, at which the subjects were warm, and a lower emission rate in all conditions in which the background CO₂ concentration increased. Physiological measurements partially explained the present results but more measurements are needed.     

减缩剂喷涂工艺对水泥基材料的减缩效果

探讨了水泥基材料减缩剂喷涂工艺对水泥砂浆的减缩效果.结果表明:减缩剂喷涂对于水泥砂浆有很好的减缩效果.水泥砂浆脱模后在表面连续3 d喷涂3次30%(质量分数)的减缩剂溶液,1 d的减缩效果可以达到45%,28 d为22%.减缩剂喷涂工艺克服了内掺工艺影响水泥基材料强度的缺点,经喷涂减缩剂后的水泥砂浆抗压强度和抗折强度并未降低.另外,减缩剂喷涂工艺可减少减缩剂的使用量,降低成本.