亚麻浆新型ZEMP漂白工艺研究

以亚麻浆为原料,对其进行ZEMP(臭氧、碱处理、M助剂脱木素、过氧化氢)的漂白研究,探讨了漂白过程洗涤水循环回用对纸浆漂白性能和废水污染负荷的影响,比较了4种不同漂白工艺流程(ZEMP、CED、OZED、OPZP)的漂白结果和废水污染负荷。结果表明,ZEMP为亚麻浆的最佳漂白工艺流程。采用ZEMP漂白工艺对亚麻浆进行漂白,且洗涤水循环回用,不仅可以得到漂白性能良好的纸浆,且漂白后废水的COD_(Cr)、BOD_5和色度均较低。     

蓝桉硫酸盐法制浆和漂白性能研究

对蓝桉硫酸盐法制浆和漂白性能进行了研究。结果表明,蓝桉具有优良的制浆造纸性能,其较佳的蒸煮工艺条件为:用碱量14％(Na_2O),硫化度30％,液比1:5,H-因子1000。采用有元素氯漂白、ECF漂白和TCF漂白程序,均可制得高白度、高强度的蓝桉漂白硫酸盐浆。其中采用CEpH、DEpP漂白程序,漂白浆白度均在86％ISO以上,抗张指数分别达到85.26N·m/g和78.12N·m/g,撕裂指数分别达到7.48mN·m~2/g和9.06mN·m~2/g。     

Polyphasic characterization of two microbial consortia with wide dechlorination spectra for chlorophenols

Two soil-free anaerobic dechlorinating cultures (3-CP and 35-DCP) were enriched from a pentachlorophenol (PCP)-to-phenol dechlorinating soil-dependent culture, using 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) and 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) as specific respective substrates, and characterized polyphasically. Physiological characterization indicated that the 3-CP and 35-DCP cultures had similar features, but with some variations. Both cultures utilized formate or acetate preferably as optimum electron donors for reductive dechlorination, and they shared similar patterns of dechlorination spectra for chlorophenols ranging from mono-CPs to a tetra-CP, with preferred dechlorination pathways in the ortho and meta positions. Alternative electron acceptors such as NO(3)(-) but not SO(4)(2-) inhibited the dechlorination activity in both cultures, while amorphous iron oxides (FeOOH) suppressed dechlorination activity only in the 35-DCP culture. Complete inhibition of dechlorination was observed in both cultures supplemented with chloramphenicol and vancomycin. The addition of 2-bromoethanesulfonate resulted in delayed dechlorination activity in the 35-DCP culture but not in the 3-CP culture; molybdate did not exert any inhibitory effect in either culture. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes confirmed that the two cultures exhibited similar bacterial species but with varied responsible dechlorinators. Dehalobacter spp. were the likely dechlorinators in the 3-CP culture versus Sulfurospirillum spp. in the 35-DCP culture, with Clostridium and Clostridium-like spp. as candidate dechlorinators in both cultures.     

羊绒保护剂在白绒漂白中的应用研究

在碱性条件下,用双氧水对白绒进行漂白,并在漂白过程中加入羊绒保护剂,以改善漂白后羊绒纤维的性能。通过单因素试验,重点分析了白绒漂白过程中各助剂用量对漂白效果的影响,以漂白后纤维的白度、碱溶解度等指标来评价各因素对漂白效果的影响,得出白绒漂白的最优工艺为:双氧水70%(omf),氧化稳定剂25%(omf),羊绒保护剂4%(omf),氨水1%(omf),浴比1︰20,55℃,85 min。普通白绒的白度为48.73%,碱溶解度为12.35%,单纤维强力为4.96 c N,经上述工艺漂白后的白度为66.52%,碱溶解度为13.83%。     

造纸废水的混凝-水解-接触氧化处理技术

研究了以混凝、厌氧酸化、生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理含氯漂折护望洋兴叹，水力停留时间为15h时，整个系统CODCr、BOD5、AOX、毒性值去除率分别达88.1%、81%、98.4%、92%。混凝单元主要去除大分子氯代有机物；厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解，使氯代有机物得到了基本的去除；好氧单元对CODCr有较高的去除率。红外光谱的分析结果表明：废水中既有木素又有纤维素和半纤维素，虽然漂白废水厌氧处理技术不如好氧处理，但厌氧、好氧联合处理可有效地提高处理效果。     

纯棉针织物的低COD前处理

采用矿物精练剂NOVECO、矿物双氧水稳定剂RENA和传统精练剂EWN、传统双氧水稳定剂FCB对纯棉针织物进行精练和漂白前处理。分别比较了两种矿物助剂以及两种传统助剂的两浴两步法与一浴一步法的废水COD含量,及两浴两步法工艺中助剂对织物处理效果的影响。结果表明,两浴两步法的废水COD含量较低;采用矿物助剂前处理可达到传统助剂前处理的效果,且可有效地降低废水的COD含量。研究了两种矿物助剂两浴两步法工艺的废水沉淀时间及两种矿物助剂用量对废水的COD含量的影响,得到优化工艺为废水沉淀时间15min,矿物精练剂NOVECO 1 g/L,矿物双氧水稳定剂RENA 1 g/L。     

芦苇预水解硫酸盐法人纤浆粕的制备及其预水解动力学研究

对芦苇预水解硫酸盐法试制人纤浆粕的预水解硫酸盐蒸煮最佳工艺条件及其动力学进行了研究。结果表明,芦苇的预水解反应为一级反应。水解过程中,只要控制P-因子相同,即可获得同样品质的半料浆。芦苇在175℃下、保温90min即可溶出约75%的戊聚糖和50%的木素。芦苇预水解的最佳条件为:最高温度175℃,保温时间90min,液比1∶6。芦苇预水解后硫酸盐蒸煮的最佳工艺条件为:用碱量10%(对绝干原料,以Na2O计),硫化度15%,最高温度160℃,保温时间30min,液比1∶4。经CEHA四段漂白后,所制得的人纤浆粕各项指标符合标准要求。     

Applications of Plasma-Activated Water in Dentistry: A Review

The activation of water by non-thermal plasma creates a liquid with active constituents referred to as plasma-activated water (PAW). Due to its active constituents, PAW may play an important role in different fields, such as agriculture, the food industry and healthcare. Plasma liquid technology has received attention in recent years due to its versatility and good potential, mainly focused on different health care purposes. This interest has extended to dentistry, since the use of a plasma–liquid technology could bring clinical advantages, compared to direct application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas (NTAPPs). The aim of this paper is to discuss the applicability of PAW in different areas of dentistry, according to the published literature about NTAPPs and plasma–liquid technology. The direct and indirect application of NTAPPs are presented in the introduction. Posteriorly, the main reactors for generating PAW and its active constituents with a role in biomedical applications are specified, followed by a section that discusses, in detail, the use of PAW as a tool for different oral diseases.     

马尾松CTMP过氧化氢漂白工艺优化研究

探讨了马尾松化学热磨机械浆（CTMP）过氧化氢漂白的各种影响因素。经优化后的漂白工艺条件为：H2O2 4％（质量分数，下同）；浆浓15％；NaOH4％；Na2SiO3 3％；MgSO4 0．05％；乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）0．5％；漂白温度75℃；漂白时间1．5h。此时，漂浆白度可达到65．3％ISO，且纸浆的抗张指数和撕裂指数分别提高了75％和50．8％，能够满足配抄新闻纸或普通文化用纸的要求。     

高得率浆H2O2漂白废液循环利用

研究桦木高得率浆的H2O2漂白废液循环利用对漂白效果的影响。结果表明：H2O2漂白废液循环利用对漂后浆料白度无不利影响,对返黄值有一定影响,可以节约用水量和降低对环境的污染。H2O2漂白废液循环利用是可行的。