Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete at low fiber volume fraction

Concretes containing different types of hybrid fibers at the same volume fraction (0.5%) were compared in terms of compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural properties. Three types of hybrid composites were constructed using fiber combinations of polypropylene (PP) and carbon, carbon and steel, and steel and PP fibers. Test results showed that the fibers, when used in a hybrid form, could result in superior composite performance compared to their individual fiber-reinforced concretes. Among the three types of hybrids, the carbon-steel combination gave concrete of the highest strength and flexural toughness because of the similar modulus and the synergistic interaction between the two reinforcing fibers.     

Variance-penalized Markov decision processes: dynamic programming and reinforcement learning techniques

In control systems theory, the Markov decision process (MDP) is a widely used optimization model involving selection of the optimal action in each state visited by a discrete-event system driven by Markov chains. The classical MDP model is suitable for an agent/decision-maker interested in maximizing expected revenues, but does not account for minimizing variability in the revenues. An MDP model in which the agent can maximize the revenues while simultaneously controlling the variance in the revenues is proposed. This work is rooted in machine learning/neural network concepts, where updating is based on system feedback and step sizes. First, a Bellman equation for the problem is proposed. Thereafter, convergent dynamic programming and reinforcement learning techniques for solving the MDP are provided along with encouraging numerical results on a small MDP and a preventive maintenance problem.     

加筋生态护坡技术的应用与发展

在越来越注重工程生态性的今天,生态护坡在道路、堤防、城市水利等方面得到了广泛应用。然而很多情况下,生态护坡在强度上无法满足工程设计的要求。加筋生态护坡是土工织物与植草相结合形成的一种护坡形式,在保证工程生态性的同时大大提高了生态护坡的强度,近年来逐渐得到重视与应用。综合介绍了加筋生态护坡的发展历程,将其概括为传统生态护坡、普通加筋生态护坡和高性能加筋生态护坡3个阶段,在此基础上对加筋生态护坡使用的不同结构型式和材质的土工合成材料进行了分类总结,针对国内外加筋生态护坡技术的研究现状和主要结论,结合实例分析了加筋生态护坡的工程应用,指出在保护边坡、减少水土流失及改善生态环境方面的作用。最后,展望了未来需要研究的方向。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/有机玻璃复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

用真空浸渍法成功制备出了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维／有机玻璃(UHMWPE／PMMA)复合材料，并对基体材料PMMA，单向超高分子量聚乙烯纤雏／有机玻璃复合材料以及三维编织超高分子量聚乙烯纤维／有机玻璃(即UHMWPE3D／PMMA)复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。实验证明UHMWPE／PMMA复合材料具有优良的摩擦磨损性能。经过纤维增强的复合材料的摩擦磨损性能优于基体材料，三维编织纤维增强的复合材料其磨损远小于单向纤维增强的复合材料，但其摩擦系数没有显著变化。     

一种结合演示数据和演化优化的强化学习方法

强化学习研究智能体如何从与环境的交互中学习最优的策略,以最大化长期奖赏。由于环境反馈的滞后性,强化学习问题面临巨大的决策空间,进行有效的搜索是获得成功学习的关键。以往的研究从多个角度对策略的搜索进行了探索,在搜索算法方面,研究结果表明基于演化优化的直接策略搜索方法能够获得优于传统方法的性能;在引入外部信息方面,通过加入用户提供的演示,可以有效帮助强化学习提高性能。然而,这两种有效方法的结合却鲜有研究。对用户演示与演化优化的结合进行研究,提出iNEAT+Q算法,尝试将演示数据通过预训练神经网络和引导演化优化的适应值函数的方式与演化强化学习方法结合。初步实验表明,iNEAT+Q较不使用演示数据的演化强化学习方法NEAT+Q有明显的性能改善。     

Cement-based materials for stress sensing by dielectric measurement

The self-sensing of stress by measurement of the relative dielectric constant (κ) has been shown in cement pastes containing steel fibers of 8 μm diameter and carbon filaments of 0.1 μm diameter. The κ value increases nonlinearly and quite reversibly with compressive stress up to 6.4 MPa, although the reversibility is not complete. Inferior sensing performance was observed in cement paste with carbon fibers of 15 μm diameter, although the performance was still better than cement paste without admixture.     

基于APDL的ANSYS嵌入式配筋实现

以ANSYS为平台,应用APDL实现钢筋混凝土有限元模型中钢筋单元嵌入混凝土单元的功能.应用该方法可以在ANSYS中方便地建立复杂的钢筋混凝土分离式模型.利用Newton-Raphson方法求解等参数单元的坐标插值函数中被约束节点在自然坐标系下的坐标值,得到自然坐标系下节点对应形函数值,并将对应的形函数值作为约束方程中混凝土单元节点位移的分项因数,从而实现嵌入节点与被嵌入单元位移协调.计算结果与Marc的算例结果吻合良好,说明该方法合理.     

预应力长锚杆加固理论探讨

通过岩体剪切破坏分析，找出最危险剪切破坏面，再用合理结构的预应力长锚杆或长锚索提供的有效抗剪力，消除岩体最大破坏剪应力，以过到加固边坡不稳定滑动岩体目的。     

玻璃钢筋混凝土的有限元计算与试验

钢筋混凝土广泛应用于土木工程领域，但其结构耐久性因钢筋本身的锈蚀成为现今急待解决的问题。人们一直在寻找对钢筋混凝土进行改良的途径，用玻璃钢筋代替普通钢筋是解决这一问题的一个有效的方法，为此进行了试验和ANSYS有限元分析，结果证明此法具有可行性。     

甲基丙烯酸锌在NBR／木质素中的应用

研究了α－甲基丙烯酸锌（ＭＡＡ－Ｚｎ）对ＮＢＲ／木质素（１００／１００，质量比）硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明，加入１．５～５．０份ＭＡＡ－Ｚｎ，可提高硫化胺的１００％的定伸应力，硬度和抗压缩永久变形能力，但对其他力学性能影响甚微，经分析可知，ＭＡＡ－Ｚｎ还可以降低硫化反应活化能，提高硫化胶的交联密度和耐热老化性能。