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41.
吸附型固载二氧化氯释放特性的测定与应用研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
通过实验研究 ,定义并测定了吸附型固载二氧化氯的释放特性参数 ,并以临界释放速率UC =0 .0 0 5μg/(h·cm3)作为释放终点 ,将其分为长效、快速和中速释放 3种类型。长效型释放速率峰值Umax <2 0 μg/(h·cm3) ,峰值时间τmax >360h ,有效释放时间τcs >60d ;快速释放型Umax >60 μg/(h·cm3) ,τmax <1 2h ,τcs <7d ;中速释放型则处于两者之间。讨论了固载二氧化氯释放特性的控制方法和不同类型产品的适用范围 ,为产品释放特性的定量研究和应用开发提供了依据。 相似文献
42.
43.
N. E. Ermolin 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2007,43(5):549-561
To verify the adequacy of various models of heat release in ammonium dinitramide flame to real processes, chemical processes
in products of thermal decomposition at a pressure of 10 torr and in ammonium dinitramide [ADN; NH4N(NO2)2] flame at a pressure of 0.4 to 60 atm are numerically simulated. The calculations are performed on the basis of a detailed
kinetic mechanism and boundary conditions correlated with experimental data, thermodynamic properties, and chemical composition
of ADN. The kinetic mechanism includes submechanisms that describe high-temperature chemical processes in NH3/N2O/NO/NO2/HNO2/HNO3 and NH3/HN(NO2)2 mixtures, and the global stages of aerosol decomposition. Based on calculated and experimental data, the role of dinitraminic
acid HN(NO2)2, aerosols, and ADN vapor in heat release in the ADN flame zone adjacent to the burning surface is estimated. The calculations
predict that the main source of heat release in the cold flame zone at p ≥ 3 atm is dinitraminic acid incoming through the channel of dissociative evaporation ADNliq → NH3 + HN(NO2)2 from the burning surface. In the high-temperature flame zone, heat release is caused by the reaction that occurs in the NH3/N2O/NO/NO2/HNO2/HNO3 mixture. At moderate pressures, the high-temperature and low-temperature zones are separated by an induction zone. The stage
governing production of the OH radical, which plays an important role in combustion, in the induction zone is the reaction
HNO3 + M → OH + NO2 + M. Because of a high activation energy of the stage, small temperature perturbations in the induction zone at low pressures
lead to a finite change in the stand-off distance between the high-temperature flame zone and the burning surface. Therefore,
small temperature perturbations in the induction zone, which are caused by admixtures in the sample or by heat transfer between
the reacting gas and the ambient medium, may be responsible for disagreement between various experimental data and between
experimental and calculated data on the stand-off distance between the high-temperature flame zone and the burning surface.
In numerical calculations, the position of the high-temperature zone is effectively controlled by varying rate constants of
elementary stages within admissible limits.
__________
Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 64–76, September–October, 2007. 相似文献
44.
This paper presents a new job release (JR) and scheduling methodology for one-stage parallel machines where sequence dependent setup times exist. A decision support system (DSS) based on job release is developed in order to enable the application of the methodology. First, mathematical programming models for both job release and job scheduling are devised. Then, due to the NP-hard nature of the problems, heuristics are proposed. As for the interaction between JR and scheduling, job scheduling is integrated with job release for the proposed heuristic solutions so that the capacity achievement provided by scheduling can be utilized for job release. In brief, product design characteristics oriented scheduling affects JR in the proposed approach. Moreover, value stream mapping (VSM) approach is used with the aim of stating the effect of the proposed methodology. Furthermore, the presented methodology was applied in a real life electric wire-harness production system. The application, based on 120-day production data, revealed that the proposed methodology provided 25% decrease in in-plant manufacturing lead time. 相似文献
45.
以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为基材,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为改性单体,通过乳液聚合制备了CMC-g-P(MMA-DMDAAC)共聚物,采用自组装方法负载2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)得到2,4-D/CMC-g-P(MMA-DMDAAC)纳米药物缓释体系。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、粒度分析仪对其结构和形貌进行表征,并探究其载药性能和缓释性能。结果表明,2,4-D/CMC-g-P(MMA-DMDAAC)载药粒子呈笼状结构,粒度分布为160~425 nm;其载药率随着CMC∶MMA∶DMDAAC的摩尔比增大而提高,最高可达40.8%;其药物累计释放率随CMC∶MMA∶DMDAAC的摩尔比增大而降低,其释放行为符合Weibull模型,遵循Fick扩散机理。 相似文献
46.
The half-lives (t
1/2) for evaporative loss ofn-alkyl andn-alkenyl acetates from rubber septa were determined at temperatures varying from 15 to 35 °C. The changes int
1/2 with temperature gave high correlations with the equation, Int
1/2 = H/RT+y
o where H is the heat of vaporization,R is the gas constant,T is the absolute temperature, andy
o is a constant. Half-lives changed dramatically with temperature and the degree of change with temperature increased with increasing molecular weight. For mixtures, component ratios changed with temperature, but the degree was modest. At 20 °C there was a 7.5-fold ratio oft
1/2 between members of the homologousn-alkyl orn-alkenyl acetates differing by two carbon atoms. The large change int
1/2 with temperature and with number of carbon atoms is a consequence of the thermodynamic relationships and the temperature range of pheromone usage. Therefore, a similar degree of change inf
1/2 with temperature and number of carbon atoms will apply to other formulations of the same type (those in which the rate of evaporation is first order). The values oft
1/2 at 20 °C mainly agreed very well with those reported previously at room temperature. However, our previously reported values for pentadecyl and hexadecyl acetate were revised. Half-lives were shown to depend on the vapor pressure of a compound in the formulation substrate, but not on the vapor pressure of the pure compound.Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA. 相似文献
47.
In the marine polychaete, Platynereis dumerilii, reproductive behavior in the two sexes is synchronized by the consecutive discharge of male and female sex-specific pheromones. After the female releases the eggs into the free water column, immediate fertilization is achieved by several males circling around the eggs emitting sperm clouds. We report the isolation and identification of the sperm-release pheromone present in the coelomic fluid of sexually mature females. Each step in isolation was guided by bioassay. Isolation methods included extraction and solvent partitioning and separation methods included ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography. Uric acid was identified as the sperm-release pheromone that is discharged by the female with release of the eggs. The threshold concentration for sperm release by males was determined as 0.6 M. 相似文献
48.
Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on nitrogen release during temperature programmed pyrolysis of coal 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Formation of HCN, NH3, and N2 during fixed-bed pyrolysis at 10K min−1 has been studied using coal samples after partial demineralization followed by addition of metal hydroxides from aqueous systems. Without additives, NH3 is the predominant product at ≤ 700°C, showing the two peaks in the formation rate profile, whereas N2 is the only product at ≥ 800°C. The presence of NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2 promotes considerable NH3 formation between 450 and 600°C, but in contrast suppresses HCN formation in this region. The Ca shows the largest effect on both the promotion and suppression. It is likely that the NH3 increased by Ca addition arises partly from HCN, but mainly from secondary reactions of tar-N. These hydroxides affect N2 formation in quite different manners: the Na decreases the rate between 700 and 950°C, and the K changes it less significantly than the Na, but the Ca remarkably increases the rate in a low temperature region of 550–700°C. These different features are discussed in terms of solid-phase reactions of alkali metal carbonates with char-N and secondary decomposition reactions of tar-N on CaO particles. As a result, total conversion of coal-N to HCN, NH3 and N2 up to 1000°C increases in the sequence of Na < none < K < Ca. 相似文献
49.
50.
The objective of this study was to determine how the fracture of adhesive joints depends on elastic beam parameters describing the adherends and the applied loads. The basic specimen geometry was the cracked lap shear joint constructed of aluminium alloy with various adherend and bondline thicknesses. Loads were applied in different combinations of bending, tension and shear to generate a failure envelope for each adhesive and specimen geometry. It was found that crack propagation for precracked specimens occured at a critical strain energy release rate but was also a function of the GI/GII ratio and the bondline thickness. The experiments also showed that the loads required to propagate a crack in a precracked specimen were always lower than the loads required to break the fillet. Hence, by treating uncracked joints as being cracked, where the fictitious crack tip is assumed to coincide with the location of the fillet, a conservative estimate of the failure load is obtained. 相似文献