乳蛋白ACEI酶解工艺条件的研究

通过测定牛乳蛋白酶解液的ACE抑制活性，确定了蛋白酶水解牛乳蛋白产生ACE抑制肽（ACEI）的工具酶及其最佳酶解工艺备件。结果表明：在胰蛋白酶，蛋白酶A，蛋白酶M，肽酶R四种酶中，蛋白酶A为酶解牛乳蛋白制备ACEI工具酶；其最佳酶解工艺条件为温度50℃，pH值为7．0，酶用量为3％，底物浓度为5％，酶解时间10h，在该条件下得到的酶解液1C50为0.8987g／L；在最佳酶解工艺条件下得到的酶解液经柱层析分离，在2个较大洗脱峰处得到的ACEI活性较高，其抑制活性分别为84．98％和85．35％，相对分子质量分别为1340u和439u。     

富硒植物蛋白的研究进展

硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,具有多种生理功能.相较于亚硒酸钠等无机态硒,有机硒的生物利用率高,毒副作用小,是机体补充硒元素的重要途径.无机态硒可通过植物的生物转化变成有机态硒,主要以硒蛋白的形式储存在植物体内.所以,蛋白含量高且富硒植物是获得有机态硒的有效途径.许多学者对富硒植物蛋白的生理功能进行研究,发现其效果显著,...     

Inhibition of lipase from rice (Oryza sativa) by diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate

The inhibition of rice bran lipase (RBL) by diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate was studied with reference to kinetics, nature of inhibition and also elucidate the effect of the inhibitor on the structure—function of the enzyme. Enzyme activity measurements shows that the inhibitor is more effective at 0.050 mM concentration of diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and the activity is 50% at this level of inhibitor concentration. The affinity of substrate for the enzyme was observed by the increase in the velocity of the reaction with increase in the substrate concentrations and double reciprocal plot indicates that the inhibition followed a competitive in nature and inhibition constant K _i is found to be 0.016 mM at pH 7.0. The decrease in apparent thermal denaturation temperature to 4 °C compared to control indicates the destabilization of enzyme in the presence of inhibitor. Fluorescence spectral measurements suggests that pronounced quenching of fluorescence intensity of RBL occurs at higher concentrations of diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and ‘K _a’ value was found to be 2.4 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ with free energy change ΔG^o—26 kJ/mol at 30 °C suggesting strong binding between the enzyme and the inhibitor with microenvironmental changes occur at the active site or in the neighbourhood of active site. The far UV-CD data suggest that there is no significant changes in the conformation of the enzyme as a result of binding of diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate. These results indicate that diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate is a inhibitor of RBL and binds to the enzyme in brining about inhibition without any structural alterations.     

Rheological characterization and electrokinetic phenomena of charged whey protein dispersions of defined sizes

A multi-step processing technique produced large colloidal particles from whey proteins, prompting instantaneous thickening upon hydration. Analysis of the rheological characteristics and zeta potential of the modified whey suspensions of defined particle sizes allowed investigation into the role of size on ingredient functionality. Preliminarily, the modified protein powders were sieved to achieve three size ranges, and analyzes were conducted on each of the three distributions and the non-sieved fractions. Following hydration, steady and oscillatory shear analyzes were performed using a controlled stress rheometer to determine rheological characteristics. Intrinsic viscosity was determined with a capillary viscometer and application of the Huggins equation. Zeta potential was calculated from colloidal electrophoretic mobility, measured with a ZetaPALS analyser. After thorough hydration, particle-size analysis revealed a size increase of >1.3 times for each fraction. When analysed on a protein basis, increasing particle size yielded an increase to intrinsic viscosity, flow behavior index, zero shear viscosity, and a decreased zeta potential and consistency coefficient. Knowledge of the interrelationship between zeta potential, rheological properties, and particle size of the modified whey ingredient will further advance an understanding of the functionality of this protein ingredient.     

米糠甾醇对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠的治疗作用

目的：研究米糠植物甾醇对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH）大鼠的干预治疗作用。方法：实验选用50只健康SD雄性大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、NASH模型组和米糠甾醇低、中、高3个剂量组（65、130、195 mg/kg）。高脂饲料饲喂造模,各实验组同时进行米糠甾醇溶液灌胃干预。13周后观察各组大鼠肝组织病理学特点,测定血清中血脂总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、一氧化氮合酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性,并比较各组肝脏指数和脾脏指数。结果：肝脏组织切片观察到NASH模型组有明显的肝细胞脂肪变性和炎症聚集浸润,米糠甾醇各治疗组肝组织病变呈现不同程度减轻。NASH模型组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量、超氧化物歧化酶、一氧化氮合酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性与正常对照组相比,均表现出明显异常;米糠甾醇各剂量组与NASH模型组比较,血清谷丙转氨酶显著降低（P＜0.001）、谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶比值显著升高（P＜0.01）;低剂量组血清超氧化物歧化酶（P＜0.05）和一氧化氮合酶（P＜0.001）显著降低;中剂量组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论：米糠甾醇对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎有预防与治疗作用。     

肉桂醛-大豆分离蛋白可食膜的抑菌及其对冷鲜猪肉的保鲜

本文研究了添加0%,1%,2%,3%,4%,5%和6%肉桂醛含量的大豆分离蛋白膜的水溶性、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率的变化以及上述膜对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、气假单胞菌和酵母菌的抑菌活性。并研究了添加6%肉桂醛的大豆分离蛋白可食膜在冷藏温度为4℃时对冷鲜猪肉的保鲜效果。结果表明:肉桂醛含量对大豆分离蛋白膜的水溶性、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率均有一定影响;当大豆分离蛋白膜中肉桂醛含量为3%时能完全抑制大肠杆菌的生长,4%时能完全抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和气假单胞菌的生长,2%时即能抑制酵母菌的生长;且添加肉桂醛含量为6%的大豆分离蛋白可食膜能明显提高冷鲜猪肉的保鲜效果。     

鲤鱼鱼肉蛋白酶水解物抗氧化性及功能特性

采用碱性蛋白酶对鲤鱼鱼肉蛋白进行酶解,制备不同水解度的水解物。测定水解物的抗氧化活性以及不同pH值条件下水解物的功能特性。结果表明:随着水解度的逐渐升高,水解物的抑制脂质氧化能力、D PP H自由基清除能力、还原能力以及金属离子(Cu2+和Fe2+)螯合能力逐渐增加(P<0.05);同时,水解物的溶解性、乳化性和起泡性都在pH值为4.0(等电点)时达到最低,而后溶解性和乳化性随着pH值升高而增大(P<0.05),而起泡性随着pH值的升高先上升后又下降。因此,鲤鱼鱼肉蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物可以提高蛋白质的抗氧化活性和溶解性,但是较高的水解度会在一定程度上降低其乳化性和起泡性。     

几种大豆分离蛋白膜的特性及其在汤料包装上的应用

以大豆分离蛋白（SPI）为主要基质的成膜溶液加入其它成分（阿魏酸、淀粉、明胶、乙醇）后调pH、热处理后铺板干燥，揭膜，在相对湿度为65％的室温环境下平衡48h后测定膜的颜色，水蒸气透性（WVP）、抗拉强度（聪）、断裂伸长率（E）等；并研究这些膜用作方便面汤料包装时的应用特性。结果表明，乙醇对膜的以上特性都有显著影响，表现为黑度降低，透明度增加，WVP显著降低，断裂伸长率增加，但TS有所下降。成膜溶液pH为中性的加100mg阿魏酸的膜在沸水中的溶解情况最理想，1min完全溶解，用其包装汤料，煮或泡后该膜对汤的外观和口味均无不良影响。     

cA-GFP融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效功能性表达

为了实现乳酸乳球菌锚定蛋白cA在大肠杆菌中可溶表达以及直观检测其生物学活性,以乳酸乳球菌MG1363为模板,扩增N-乙酰葡萄糖胺糖苷酶AcmA基因,将其C末端序列与GFP基因融合,连接至大肠杆菌表达载体pET28a,构建重组质粒pET28a-cA-GFP,转化至大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3),通过低温诱导表达重组蛋白cA-GFP。工程菌超声破碎后的上清液与经热酸处理的乳酸乳球菌常温孵育,经SDS-PAGE和荧光显微镜检测。结果表明,工程菌可以表达分子量约53ku的目的融合蛋白质,与预期大小相符。cA-GFP通过锚定蛋白cA的引导回向锚定,成功将GFP展示在乳酸乳球菌表面,目的蛋白cA-GFP在乳酸乳球菌表面展示量为121mg/g干重菌体。GFP锚定至乳酸乳球菌后于4℃保存,连续6d测定其荧光强度,荧光强度仍可达82.2%,证明其稳定性较好。成功获得了具有生物学功能的cA-GFP可溶性蛋白,为进一步展示功能性外源蛋白奠定了坚实的基础。     

黄酒酿造中米浆水回用技术的研究

对浸米过程中米浆水的变化情况及不同添加浆水量对黄酒质量的影响进行了分析.结果表明,随浸米时间的延长,米浆水中总酸和COD含量逐渐增加;浸米温度越低,酸含量越少.黄酒发酵过程中用新鲜米浆水替代部分投料用水,可以起到"以酸制酸"的作用,最适宜的浆水添加量为40%.