粤北某市"土法炼砷"土壤中化学砷污染的研究

粤北某市“土法炼砷”造成的砷污染,严重破坏了当地生态环境,而且砷还会进入河流或地下水,严重威胁了当地及北江下游的饮用水安全和生态安全。本文对“土法炼砷”遗址现场进行调查取样,并对砷污染的特点进行了分析。     

Longitudinal and temporal water temperature patterns in the Yangtze River and its influence on spawning of the Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray 1835)

In this study, water temperature longitudinal and temporal patterns were investigated in four locations of the Yangtze River to identify their influence on spawning of the Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray 1835). The results showed that, historically (1960–1980), the four locations, Pingshan (PS, 2,687 river kilometres [rkm]), Yichang (YC, 1,640 rkm), Chenglingji (CLJ, 1,265 rkm), and Hukou (HK, 805 rkm), all had similar average annual water temperatures (around 18.0 °C) but very different amplitudes: The upper two locations, PS (11.4–23.2 °C) and YC (9.1–25.9 °C), were relatively stable and had smaller amplitude than the lower two ones, CLJ (6.0–30.0 °C) and HK (5.9–30.8 °C). On the basis of the physiological effects for Chinese sturgeon, we defined three water temperature ranges: stressing (>23 °C), holding (23–20 °C), and spawning (20–16 °C). We found that the upper two locations with successful spawning of the Chinese sturgeon (PS and YC) had short or no stressing period but long holding and spawning periods. Currently (2013–2016), the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir increases the time for water temperature decreasing to 20 °C at the current spawning ground (YC) in autumn, which increases the stressing and holding periods, and has significant negative impact on the spawning of Chinese sturgeon. Nonetheless, considering the very high stressing temperature and the short duration of the holding and spawning periods at CLJ and HK, we propose that YC is still the most suitable spawning location for the Chinese sturgeon.     

聚酯酰胺热熔胶的合成及其性能研究

研究了以聚酯胶和聚酰胺胶为原料在催化剂作用下加热共熔,通过大分子链交换反应制备织物用聚酯酰胺热熔胶的方法。用聚酯胶的溶剂对所得产品进行溶取试验并且通过红外光谱分析都证明了链交换反应的存在。用该法所得产品粘接强度大,既耐水洗又耐干洗,适用于粘合衬生产。     

180°矩形弯管流场的实验测量和数值模拟

对180°矩形弯管内的湍流流场用智能型五孔球探针进行了测量，同时采用FLUENT 6.2对其进行数值模拟。流场测量和数值模拟结果表明：180°矩形弯管由于流体旋转产生的离心力导致了弯管内压力分布的变化，使弯管内切向速度发生变化。切向速度在流体开始旋转0°~60°区间内侧的速度增大、压力减小，外侧的速度降低、压力增大；当转过60°截面后，外侧的速度增大、压力减小，内侧的速度降低、压力增大。     

黑龙江化肥厂锅炉房用煤车、贮存、运输方案的优化设计

通过对原可行性研究报告中的锅炉房用煤采用筒仓群贮存方案的了解、分析、比较后,提出了采用矩形库贮存煤的优化方案设计的成果。     

80%莠灭净水分散粒剂的配方

采用了挤压造粒的加工工艺对高含量莠灭净固化新剂型WG(水分散粒剂)进行了研制,尤其对该制剂中的润湿剂、悬浮分散剂、粘结剂和崩解剂的种类及用量进行了筛选,并对该制剂的润湿、崩解、悬浮等性能进行了检测,根据试验结果得到了由2%的烷基萘磺酸钠、4%的马来酸-丙烯酸共聚物钠盐、3%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、2.5%的可溶淀粉、83.3%的莠灭净原药(含量为96%)和适量膨润土等组成的较佳配方,该产品的悬浮率在90%以上,崩解时间在1min以内,在(54±2)℃下贮存4周后的分解率小于5%,各项性能指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

铁谱分析技术在齿轮监控中的应用

从磨损机理出发，分析了齿轮传动的工作状况及失效形式，介绍了用铁谱分析技术监控齿轮传动的实施程序及注意事项，总结出判别齿轮磨损种类和磨损程度的方法，并提供了一些实验结果。     

硫氰酸钠法高吸湿(水)腈纶纺丝工艺及其性能的研究

采用丙烯酸和丙烯腈的共聚物与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝的方法,纺制了丙烯酸改性的聚丙烯腈纤维,研究了纺丝工艺条件与改性腈纶性能之间的关系。实验结果表明:随着共混纺丝所采用的丙烯酸共聚物的共聚比的增加,改性腈纶的断裂强度有所下降,吸湿性和保水性则不断提高;采用低温干燥致密化和较低的总拉伸倍数,有利于提高改性纤维的吸湿和保水性能;随着纤度的增大,改性腈纶的回潮率和保水率渐渐减小。     

Scientific basis for establishing country greenhouse gas estimates for rice-based agriculture: An Indian case study

A comprehensive scientific assessment of CH₄ budget estimation for Indian rice paddies, based on a decade of measurements in India, is presented. Indian paddy cultivation areas contain soils that have low to medium levels of soil organic carbon. The average seasonally integrated CH₄ flux (E _sif) values calculated from these measurements were 15.3 ± 2.6 g m^–2 for continuously flooded (CF), 6.9 ± 4.3 g m^–2 for intermittently flooded (IF) single aeration (SA) and 2.2 ± 1.5 g m^–2 for IF multiple aeration (MA) rice ecosystems. For CF and IF (MA) rice ecosystems having high soil organic carbon, without organic amendments, the CH₄ flux (E _sif) may be increased by 1.7 times relative to low soil organic carbon, whereas it may enhance by 5.3 for CF if amended organically. Organic amendment and high soil organic carbon paddy areas do not alter the methane budget estimates for India (3.6±1.4 TgY^–1) much, due to their small paddy harvested area. Methane estimated using average emission factors (E _sif) for all paddy water regimes, which include harvested areas having soils with high organic carbon and organic amendments, may give a budget of 5 TgY^–1 for India.     

脱酮肟型有机硅建筑密封胶的研制

本文介绍了脱酮肟型有机硅建筑密封胶的配制原理、工艺、产品性能及其影响因素