几种黄酒酒母的特性

黄酒生产中以麦曲（或红曲）、酒药（小曲）为糖化剂,以酒母（有些为酒药）、干酵母为发酵剂。总结比较了淋饭酒母、速酿酒母、糖化酒母、干酵母等酒母的原料、生产工序、产品性能及各种酒母的应用,并提出了黄酒酒母的发展方向。（孙悟）     

蛹虫草菌保健黄酒的研究

以蛹虫草菌培养基为主要原料,采用喂饭法通过对其总醪加水量的控制、糯米与蛹虫草菌培养基比例以及糖化剂接入量的确定进行研究,生产出风味俱佳的保健黄酒。结果表明,最佳配比方案为：黄酒专用干酵母用量为0．2％,糖化酶用量为10％,总醪加水量为3倍,糯米：蛹虫草菌培养基1：1。     

Cytokinin Confers Brown Planthopper Resistance by Elevating Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Rice

Plants have evolved a sophisticated defense system that employs various hormone pathways to defend against attacks by insect pests. Cytokinin (CK) plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance, but the role of CKs in plant–insect interaction remains largely unclear. Here, we report that CKs act as a positive regulator in rice resistance against brown planthopper (BPH), a devastating insect pest of rice. We found that BPH feeding promotes CK biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Exogenous application of CKs significantly increased the rice resistance to BPH. Increasing endogenous CKs by knocking out cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKXs) led to enhanced resistance to BPH. Moreover, the levels of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the expression of JA-responsive genes were elevated by CK treatment and in OsCKXs knockout plants. Furthermore, JA-deficient mutant og1 was more susceptible to BPH, and CK-induced BPH resistance was suppressed in og1. These results indicate that CK-mediated BPH resistance is JA-dependent. Our findings provide the direct evidence for the novel role of CK in promoting insect resistance, and demonstrate that CK-induced insect resistance is JA-dependent. These results provide important guidance for effective pest management strategies in the future.     

桂花甜酒酿酒曲的优选和工艺研究

通过以糯米、桂花为原料,研究几种不同的酒曲在桂花甜酒酿酿制过程中对品质及发酵工艺的影响,并采用正交试验法来确定发酵时间、发酵温度等工艺条件.以桂花甜酒酿成品中总糖、总酸、酒精度、氨基酸态氮等指标参数进行分析,认为采用蜂蜜牌苏州甜酒曲的发酵时间为60h、发酵温度为32℃可以得到风味独特、品质优良的桂花甜酒酿.     

Sogatella furcifera Saliva Mucin-like Protein Is Required for Feeding and Induces Rice Defences

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera, is one of the most important piercing-sucking pests of rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia. Mucin-like salivary protein (SFMLP) is highly expressed in the salivary glands of WBPH, which plays an important role in WBPH feeding. In this study, WBPH injected with dsSFMLP had difficulty in sucking phloem sap from rice plants, which significantly reduced their food intake, weight, and survival. In contrast, the knockdown of the SFMLP gene had only a marginal effect on the survival of WBPH fed an artificial diet. Further studies showed that silencing SFMLP resulted in the short and single-branched salivary sheaths secretion and less formation of salivary flanges in rice. These data suggest that SFMLP is involved in the formation of the salivary sheath and is essential for feeding in WBPH. Overexpression of the SFMLP gene in rice plants promoted the feeding of WBPH, whereas silencing the gene in rice plants significantly decreased WBPH performance. Additionally, it was found that overexpression of SFMLP in rice plants elicited the signalling pathway of SA (salicylic acid) while suppressing JA (jasmonic acid); in contrast, silencing of the SFMLP gene in rice plants showed the opposite results. This study clarified the function of SFMLP in WBPH feeding as well as mediating rice defences.     

Uncovering Hierarchical Regulation among MYB-bHLH-WD40 Proteins and Manipulating Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Rice

Anthocyanins accumulate in various organs of rice, and the regulatory genes involved in pigmentation of specific organs, such as pericarp, hull, leaf, apiculus, and stigma have been elucidated. However, the corresponding gene for rice culm pigmentation has not been clarified. The well-known MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex plays vital role in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in plants. However, the core members of MBW and the hierarchical regulation between these members are not fully elucidated in rice. Here, by map-based cloning, we identified the culm-specific pigmentation gene S1 whose alleles are also known for hull/pericarp pigmentation. We also clarified that one WD40 protein encoding gene, WA1, is indispensable for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. In the cascading regulation among MBW members, S1 (bHLH) acts as the master gene by activating the expression of C1 (MYB), and then C1 activates the expression of WA1 (WD40), which is unique in plant species. This enables MBW members to be coordinated in a common way to efficiently regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Based on these studies, we explored the minimal gene set required for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. These findings will help us design new rice varieties with anthocyanin accumulation in specific organs as needed.     

不同储藏年限稻谷真菌群落多样性与优势菌属探究

为有效防控储藏稻谷霉变,确保稻谷在储藏期的品质与安全,本研究先后对同一粮库点新入库、储藏1年、储藏2年及储藏3年稻谷样品进行了采集,并对其真菌群落多样性进行了探究.通过Illumina MiSeq序列分析法,探究了不同储藏年限稻谷的真菌群落多样性,优势菌属以及真菌群落随储藏年限增加的演变规律.结果发现新入库储藏稻谷的真...