Application of ATR-FTIR for a rapid and simultaneous determination of sugars and organic acids in apricot fruit

A simple, fast and accurate Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy method was developed for simultaneously determining sugar and organic acid contents in apricot fruit slurries using the attenuated total reflectance. The potential of this method coupled with chemometric techniques based on partial least squares was assessed by comparison with currently used enzymatic determination of sucrose, glucose, fructose, malic acid and citric acid. Fruits of eight contrasted cultivars harvested at different ripening stages were used in this study and randomly divided in a calibration set (505 apricots) and in a validation set (252 apricots). The most suitable region was found in the range between 1500 and 900 cm⁻¹. Good prediction performances were obtained (R² ? 0.74 and RMSEP ? 18%). Results concerning the prediction of other quality traits such as firmness, skin colour, ethylene production, soluble solids content and titratable acidity were discussed.     

关于模p的原根及逆的差的混合均值

研究模p的原根及其逆的差的渐近性质.利用广义Bernoulli数、Gauss和及Dirichlet L-函数的均值定理,得出Cochrane和与广义的Kloosterman和的一些混合均值公式.     

6%增效阿罗蒎兹微乳剂防治黄瓜根结线虫

用6%增效阿罗蒎兹微乳剂(有效成分:苦豆子水提取物、阿维菌素)处理温室土壤防治黄瓜根结线虫试验表明:阿罗蒎兹微乳剂可较好地控制黄瓜根结线虫危害.阿罗蒎兹微乳剂7.5、15.0、22.5 L/hm2三个处理,药后90 d土壤中2龄幼虫减退率分别为-12.23%、31.50%、43.52%,而对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素15 L/hm2处理的线虫减退率为-37.65%.药后90 d 6%增效阿罗蒎兹微乳剂及各处理防治效果分别为54.52%、70.16%、74.84%.而对照药剂为50.81%.阿罗蒎兹微乳剂可有效地控制黄瓜根结线虫的危害,有较高的推广应用价值.     

Correlation Between Phytotoxicity on Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and Production Dynamics of Allelochemicals Within Root Exudates of an Allelopathic Wheat

An improved allelopathic correlation between phytotoxicity measured in root growth bioassay upon annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and the concentrations of a selection of dynamically produced allelochemicals quantified in the root exudates of cv. Khapli wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) monitored during the first 15 days of wheat seedling growth in a sterile, agar–water medium, has been established. Changes over the 15-day growth period in the quantities of five exuded benzoxazinones and seven phenolic acids were measured simultaneously using GC/MS/MS. Substantiating pure compound dose–response measurements were conducted over a range of concentrations for the putative allelochemicals within the wheat exudates. One synergism-based proposal using the monitored compounds to explain the observed low-exudate-concentration phytotoxicity was explored, but was found to be experimentally inadequate.     

Heat Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size via Induction of Plasmodesmal Callose Accumulation Inhibiting Phloem Unloading in Arabidopsis

The intercellular transport of sugars, nutrients, and small molecules is essential for plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. Various stresses are known to affect the cell-to-cell molecular trafficking modulated by plasmodesmal permeability. However, the mechanisms of plasmodesmata modification and molecules involved in the phloem unloading process under stress are still not well understood. Here, we show that heat stress reduces the root meristem size and inhibits phloem unloading by inducing callose accumulation at plasmodesmata that connect the sieve element and phloem pole pericycle. Furthermore, we identify the loss-of-function of CALLOSE SYNTHASE 8 (CalS8), which is expressed specifically in the phloem pole pericycle, decreasing the plasmodesmal callose deposition at the interface between the sieve element and phloem pole pericycle and alleviating the suppression at root meristem size by heat stress. Our studies indicate the involvement of callose in the interaction between root meristem growth and heat stress and show that CalS8 negatively regulates the thermotolerance of Arabidopsis roots.     

树根桩和土工膜袋混凝土联合技术的应用研究

针对水下边坡常规治理方法的不足,首次提出树根桩和土工膜袋混凝土联合治理技术.通过数值计算分析,及具体工程的实践,表明该技术具有良好的抗滑和防冲效果,值得推广应用.     

Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in India

This paper aims to propose monthly models responsible for the theoretical evaluation of the global horizontal irradiance of a tropical region in India which is Sivagangai situated in Tamilnadu. The actual measured global horizontal irradiance hails from a 5 MW solar power plant station located at Sivagangai in Tamilnadu. The data were monitored from May 2011 to April 2013. The theoretical assessment was conducted differently by employing a programming platform called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express. A graphical user interface was created using Visual Basic 2010 Express, which provided the evaluation of empirical parameters for model formulation such as daily sunshine duration (S), maximum possible sunshine hour duration (S₀), extra terrestrial horizontal global irradiance (H₀) and extra terrestrial direct normal irradiance (G₀). The proposed regression models were validated by the significance of statistical indicators such as mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error from the predicted and the actual values for the region considered. Comparison was made between the proposed monthly models and the existing normalized models for global horizontal irradiance evaluation.     

风味藕泥的生产工艺研究

以新鲜莲藕为原料,采用单因素实验和正交实验,研究了风味藕泥的生产工艺和配方。实验结果表明采用0.3%亚硫酸氢钠、0.5%柠檬酸和0.3%抗坏血酸对莲藕进行护色处理,效果较好。在实验中初步得到的风味藕泥的产品配方为藕泥50%,鱼糜20%,淀粉5%,食盐0.75%,植物油1.5%,白砂糖4%,料酒4%,味精0.1%,干葱花0.25%,胡椒粉0.4%,十八鲜粉1.0%,其余为水。通过本条件生产出的风味藕泥,营养丰富、风味独特、口感润滑,是一种新型的方便、休闲食品。      

培养液匀浆人参发根抗氧化、抗黑色素瘤作用

以培养液匀浆人参发根为实验材料,选用Cu2＋螯合能力、多酚氧化酶活力、总抗氧化能力3 种方法对其 抗氧化能力进行测定;采用流式细胞术对黑色素瘤细胞A375凋亡、细胞周期进行测定。结果表明：随着质量浓 度的增大,培养液匀浆人参发根的Cu2＋螯合率逐渐提高,在100 mg/mL时与VC差异不显著（P＞0.05）;40、 60、80、100 mg/mL时培养液匀浆人参发根与VC的多酚氧化酶活力差异不显著（P＞0.05）;培养液匀浆人参 发根的总抗氧化能力具有质量浓度依赖性,在100 mg/mL时达到0.877 4 mmol FeSO4/g。与对照组相比培养液匀 浆人参发根组细胞凋亡显著（P＜0.05）;S、G2/M期比例升高,G0/G1期比例下降。结论：人参发根具有抗氧 化、抗黑色素瘤作用。