混合酶用于激光打印废纸脱墨的研究

将生物脱墨技术应用于惠普激光打印废纸脱墨工艺中,在尽量减少碱的用量或完全不用碱的情况下,达到了脱墨的效果和环保的目的。比较了纤维素酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及它们的混合酶对脱墨的影响。分别研究了酶种类和混合酶的配比、温度、pH值对脱墨效果的影响。实验结果表明:纤维素酶和淀粉酶的混合使用有较好的脱墨效果,能使脱墨浆白度达到76.93%(ISO),接近白纸的白度80.48%(ISO)。其最佳工艺条件为:反应温度40℃、pH=9—10、纤维素酶与淀粉酶质量比=1∶1.5。为脱墨工艺的研究提供了理论依据。     

烤烟成熟过程中部分酶活性及碳水化合物变化规律研究

通过对烤烟成熟过程中转化酶和淀粉酶活性,以及碳水化物的变化规律进行研究,为优质烤烟的生产中烟叶采收成熟度以及采收时间的把握提供依据。结果表明,在成熟过程中,中上部烟叶转化酶活性呈现先升高再降低的趋势,淀粉酶活性表现为双峰曲线,在上部叶中表现更为明显,碳水化合物含量整体表现为先升高再降低的趋势,但上部叶中糖含量在移栽100 d后又略有回升。在叶片达到生理成熟之前,碳水化合物含量的增加主要来自烟株体内光合产物的积累,淀粉的积累大于降解,达到生理成熟时碳水化合物的积累和降解达到动态平衡状态,淀粉含量最高,之后进入工艺成熟,淀粉含量开始降低,糖含量略有回升。中上部烟叶分别在移栽后85 d和110 d,达到生理成熟,之后分别在移栽后90 d和115 d达到工艺成熟。     

Effect of feeding a reduced-starch diet with or without amylase addition on lactation performance in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to determine lactation performance responses of high-producing dairy cows to a reduced-starch diet compared with a normal-starch diet and to the addition of exogenous amylase to the reduced-starch diet. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows (51 ± 22 DIM and 643 ± 49 kg of body weight at trial initiation) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a completely randomized design: a 3-wk covariate adjustment period during which the cows were fed the normal-starch diet, followed by a 12-wk treatment period during which the cows were fed their assigned treatment diets. The normal-starch TMR did not contain exogenous amylase (NS−). The reduced-starch diets, formulated by partially replacing corn grain with soy hulls, were fed without (RS−) and with (RS+) exogenous amylase added to the TMR. Starch and NDF concentrations averaged 27.1 and 30.6%, 21.8 and 36.6%, and 20.7 and 36.6% (dry matter basis) for the NS−, RS−, and RS+ diets, respectively. Dry matter intake for cows fed the RS− diet was 2.4 and 3.2 kg/d greater than for cows fed the NS− and RS+ diets, respectively. Intake of NDF ranged from 1.19 to 1.52% of body weight among the treatments, with the RS− diet being 28% greater than the NS− diet and 13% greater than the RS+ diet. Milk yield averaged 50.4 kg/d and was unaffected by treatment. Fat-corrected milk yield was 2.9 kg/d greater for cows fed the RS− diet than for cows fed the NS− diet. Body weight and body condition score measurements were unaffected by treatment. Fat-, solids-, and energy-corrected milk feed conversions (kilograms/kilogram of DMI) were 12 to 13% greater for cows fed the RS+ diet than for cows fed the RS− diet. Dry matter and nutrient digestibilities were lowest for cows fed the NS− diet and greatest for cows fed the RS+ diet, and were greater for cows fed the RS+ diet than for cows fed the RS− diet, with the exception of starch digestibility, which was similar. Greater conversion of feed to milk for dairy cows fed reduced-starch diets that include exogenous amylase may offer potential for improving economic performance.     

Purification and enzymatic identification of an acid stable and thermostable α‐amylase from Rhizopus microsporus

Rhizopus microsporus, recently isolated from a solid culture of Heng‐Shui Lao‐Bai‐Gan (HSLBG, a famous distilled liquor in Northern China) was found to produce a novel extracellular acid stable and thermostable α‐amylase. This fungal α‐amylase was purified using ammonium precipitation, Sephadex G‐25 desalination and DEAE‐52 cellulose chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 75 kDa by SDS–PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of this enzyme was pH 5.0 and 70°C respectively. Thermostability and kinetic analysis through the Arrhenius and Michaelis–Menten equations revealed that this enzyme showed an exceptional activity at low pH and high temperature. A combination of this thermostability and acid stability could be a valuable trait for the efficient hydrolysis of amylose to glucose in large‐scale biotechnology applications. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Estimated environmental loads of alpha-amylase from transgenic high-amylase maize

Environmental exposure of plants bioengineered to improve efficiencies of biofuel production is an important consideration for their adoption. High-amylase maize genetically engineered to produce thermostable alpha-amylase in seed endosperm is currently in development, and its successful adoption will entail >1000 km² of annual production in the USA. Environmental exposure of thermostable amylase will occur in production fields from preharvest and harvest dropped grain, with minor additional contributions from stover and root biomass. Mass loadings of thermostable alpha-amylase are projected to be 16 kg km⁻² and represent a potential source of increased alpha-amylase activity in receiving soils. An understanding of the degradation, persistence, accumulation, and activity of thermostable alpha-amylase introduced from transgenic high-amylase maize will be necessary in order to effectively manage transgenic crop systems intended or biofeedstock production.     

Low-temperature acidic amylases from Aspergillus for desizing of cotton fabrics

The patterns of degradation occurring when textile fabrics are treated with sulphuric acid are derived from the change in tensile strength at different concentrations. Characteristic shapes differ for different fibre types and range from a near-linear mode to one in which a high initial loss of property takes place.

Results show a general tendency, with individual variations, for deterioration to increase with time and concentration, molecular and structural factors presumably being responsible.     

大米蛋白产品开发研究进展

综述了国内外大米蛋白产品的开发研究进展,从大米蛋白性质及产业化开发角度提出了一种高纯度(90%以上)大米蛋白制备工艺的流程.     

Effect of surfactants on α‐amylase production in a solid substrate fermentation process

Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) is a process where the substrate is a moist solid, which is insoluble in water but not suspended in water. In this study SSF of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 21556) was used to produce an enzyme of commercial importance, α‐amylase, using as a substrate potato peel. To enhance the production of this enzyme, two nonionic synthetic surfactants were used, Tween 80 and Tween 20, one anionic surfactant, SDS at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.10% (v/w) and a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 21332), known as surfactin, at concentrations of 0.003%, 0.007%, 0.013% and 0.03% (w/w). The results have shown that surfactants significantly increase the production of α‐amylase. Tween 80 at 0.10% and surfactin at 0.013% provided the highest enzyme activity when compared with the control. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

生物酶在机洗餐具洗涤剂中的应用研究

针对我国厨房污渍特点及洗碗机的快速发展,提出了机洗餐具洗涤剂添加相应的蛋白酶和淀粉酶对污渍的解决方案,并对我国目前市售机洗餐具洗涤剂产品和欧洲主流产品洗涤性能做了对比。由实验结果可知,蛋白酶和淀粉酶的应用可以大大提高机洗餐具洗涤剂的洗涤性能,从而帮助弥补和欧洲主流产品的洗涤性能差距。     

高产淀粉酶细菌的分离鉴定及产酶条件优化

从赊店老酒大曲中分离筛选产淀粉酶的细菌,通过碘熏蒸产生透明圈法进行初筛,淀粉酶活力测定进行复筛,结合菌落形态观察和16SrDNA同源序列分析以及生理生化对筛选获得的高产淀粉酶细菌进行鉴定,研究影响细菌产淀粉酶能力的单因素:碳源、发酵时间、初始pH、接种量,采用响应面优化确定最佳产酶条件。结果表明,6-10菌株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),通过响应面优化确定产酶工艺条件最佳为:发酵时间4d,初始pH 5,接种量10%。优化后产酶能力达到(164.37±3.25)U/mL,是优化前产酶能力的4.43倍,具有较强的产淀粉酶能力。