Inhibitory activity towards human α‐amylase in wheat flour and gluten

Wheat α‐amylase inhibitors (AI) have been targeted as potential triggers of noncoeliac gluten or wheat sensitivity (NCGS). The aim of this study was to determine AI activity towards α‐amylase from human source in wheat cultivars. Contrary to barley, buckwheat, or oats, high level of AI activity was found in wheat and, to a lesser extent, rye. AI activity (mean IC₅₀ = 137 μg mL^?1) did not vary with respect to ancient or recently developed wheat cultivars. Vital wheat gluten had very high and heat‐stable AI activity (mean IC₅₀ = 23 μg mL^?1), higher than wheat starch (?10 000 μg mL^?1) or acarbose (40 μg mL^?1), a medication for the management of hyperglycaemia and potentially causing digestive disorders due to the accumulation of undigested carbohydrates in the intestine. Data suggest that eating raw wheat gluten, flour or dough could pose a health risk.     

婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中亚硝酸盐测定方法的改进

目的改进国标方法测定婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中亚硝酸盐含量。方法使用高峰氏Taka淀粉酶降解样品中的淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪,酶解后的样品经过滤,使用分光光度法测定亚硝酸盐含量。结果与国标方法相比,改进方法不需使用沉淀剂,过滤时间缩短,滤液澄清,方法回收率为92.7%～101.2%,相对标准偏差为0.64%～2.89%。结论经验证,改进后的方法能满足方法学要求,实验效率大大提高,可以满足产品质量控制的要求。     

南、北山楂提取液分别对人体内源淀粉酶作用研究

通过测定淀粉酶与山楂提取液反应后的酶活,分别探讨南、北山楂是否可以通过提高淀粉酶的活性来达到帮助消化的效果。在不同温度(30、60、80℃)下分别制备南、北山楂浸提液后,模拟人体肠道环境,分别考察在不同的反应温度(25、37、45℃)、不同的pH值(6.5、6.8)和离子条件(C2O^2-4、Zn2+)下,南、北山楂水提液对淀粉酶活性的影响。结果发现,在所考察的反应温度范围内和pH值条件下,南、北山楂水提液在一定程度上均可以提高淀粉酶活性。其中,温度37℃、pH值为6.5的条件下,60℃制备的北山楂水提液对淀粉酶活性的促进作用最强,C2O^2-4对淀粉酶与北山楂反应的影响呈现促进作用,而Zn2+对淀粉酶与南、北山楂的反应均表现为抑制作用。     

α-淀粉酶在棉织物上的热失活动力学及稳定性

研究3种热稳定剂以及α-淀粉酶质量浓度、汽蒸温度、汽蒸时间和酶液pH值对中温α-淀粉酶在棉织物上热稳定性的影响.探讨中温α-淀粉酶在棉织物上的热失活的动力学.结果表明,棉织物的结构本身对中温α-淀粉酶就具有很好的热稳定效果,醋酸钙、乳酸钠和低分子质量壳聚糖(LWCS)都能进一步提高α-淀粉酶在棉织物上的热稳定性,其中以LWCS的效果最好;棉织物α-淀粉酶退浆优化工艺为:α-淀粉酶0.1 g/L,LWCS0.5 mmol/L,酶液pH值6.100℃汽蒸10 min.按此工艺对棉织物进行处理后,退浆率达到97.2%.     

Molecular Weight Affected Antioxidant,Hypoglycemic and Hypotensive Activities of Cold Water Extract from Pleurotus citrinopileatus

Cold water extract of P. citrinopileatus (CWEPC) was fractioned into 4 fractions, PC‐I (<1 kDa), PC‐II (1‐3.5 kDa), PC‐III (3.5‐10 kDa), and PC‐IV (>10 kDa), by ultrafiltration. The antioxidant activities, the inhibition of pancreatic α‐amylase, intestinal α‐glucosidase, and hypertension‐linked angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), as well as the contents of polysaccharides, protein, and phenolic compounds of 4 fractions were determined. The results showed that lower MW fractions exerted a higher antioxidant activity, which was correlated to phenolic contents. The high molecular fraction (PC‐IV) exhibited significantly higher inhibitory activity on α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and ACE compared to CWEPC and the other 3 lower MW fractions (<10 kDa), which was more related to protein contents. The inhibition capability of CWEPC and PC‐IV on α‐amylase activity was 1/13.4 to 1/2.7 relative to that of acarbose, respectively. Kinetic data revealed that PC‐IV fraction followed a noncompetitive inhibition pattern on α‐glucosidase activity. The study demonstrated that various MW fractions and types of components contribute to different biological functions of P. citrinopileatus and it is protein constituents but not peptides responsible for the hypoglycemic potential of CWEPC.     

Dextrin as the main turbidity components in wort produced from major malting barley cultivars of Jiangsu province in China

As wort is the sweet starter liquid for beer, its quality needs to be strictly controlled. It is generally accepted that wort turbidity is of importance in terms of the brewing process and the resulting beer quality. This study investigated the major ingredients of wort turbidity using the malting barley cultivar Dan'er, grown in Jiangsu province, China. It was found that dextrins of low molecular weight constituted the vast majority of the polysaccharides causing wort turbidity. To solve the turbidity problem with the Dan'er malt, the present study supplemented 80 U g^?1 of β‐amylase, and as an activator, an extra 50 mg  L^?1 of Ca²⁺ to the malting process of Dan'er barley. The turbidity of the resulting congress wort of the Dan'er malt declined to <5.0 EBC units, which then met the quality guidelines of the brewery. The results of the present study may also help in developing new turbidity detection methods and yield breeding clues for quality improvement of the barley cultivars in the Jiangsu province of China. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

麦芽低聚糖生成酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的分泌表达及其酶学性质研究

首先构建了来源于嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stearothermophilus)STB04的麦芽低聚糖生成酶(MFA酶)的枯草芽孢杆菌分泌表达系统,并对含表达载体的枯草芽孢杆菌WB600产重组酶的发酵条件进行了优化,发现以TB为发酵培养基、发酵温度为30℃时,有利于重组酶的分泌表达。其次,通过疏水和强阴离子交换色谱对重组酶进行了分离纯化,得到了电泳纯的酶。最后,对重组酶的酶学性质和产物合成进行了分析,结果显示:它在溶液中为单聚体,最适反应温度为45℃,且在该温度下半衰期为30 min;最适反应p H为6.5,且具有很好的p H稳定性;酶活力对金属离子存在一定依赖性并受Fe3+和Sn2+等重金属离子的显著抑制;重组MFA酶的动力学性质可以用米氏方程进行很好的描述,对麦芽糊精的水解速率最高;重组酶作用不同来源原淀粉及麦芽糊精的主要产物均为麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖和麦芽五糖,且以麦芽五糖为最高。     

高产淀粉酶细菌的分离鉴定及产酶条件优化

从赊店老酒大曲中分离筛选产淀粉酶的细菌,通过碘熏蒸产生透明圈法进行初筛,淀粉酶活力测定进行复筛,结合菌落形态观察和16SrDNA同源序列分析以及生理生化对筛选获得的高产淀粉酶细菌进行鉴定,研究影响细菌产淀粉酶能力的单因素:碳源、发酵时间、初始pH、接种量,采用响应面优化确定最佳产酶条件。结果表明,6-10菌株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),通过响应面优化确定产酶工艺条件最佳为:发酵时间4d,初始pH 5,接种量10%。优化后产酶能力达到(164.37±3.25)U/mL,是优化前产酶能力的4.43倍,具有较强的产淀粉酶能力。     

酶解-球磨法制备微细化淀粉的性质研究

传统微细化小颗粒淀粉的制备采用原淀粉直接球磨的方法,耗时长,能耗高,产物易糊化。采用先酶解再球磨的新工艺制备微细化小颗粒淀粉,并与玉米原淀粉、原淀粉球磨淀粉的性质进行比较。结果表明:玉米原淀粉的表面积平均粒径为12.90μm,原淀粉球磨淀粉的表面积平均粒径略有增大,而酶解-球磨淀粉的表面积平均粒径显著降低;酶解-球磨淀粉的结晶结构受到一定程度的破坏,部分偏光十字消失,双折射强度减弱,结晶度显著降低。     

梅河大米食用品质分析

直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值是评价稻米食用、蒸煮品质的主要理化指标。通过对梅河口地区33户大米加工厂生产的梅河大米进行检测分析,梅河口区域生产的大米的直链淀粉含量在13.0%—17.8%之间,平均值为15.4%;胶稠度在64—114mm之间,平均值为92mm;碱消值在6.0—7.0级之间,平均值为6.3级。结果表明,梅河大米属于直链淀粉含量较低、胶稠度较高、碱消值较大的具有优质食味特性的粳米,为科学、合理评价梅河大米的食味特性提供科学依据,同时也为广大消费者选用具有良好食味特性大米提供指导和参考。