不同烘干温度挂面中淀粉和蛋白组分变化研究

对不同烘干温度下的挂面进行脱糖脱脂处理后,采用双波长比色法测定直链淀粉和支链淀粉及总淀粉含量,用半自动凯氏定氮仪测定相对应的挂面中蛋白组分含量,最终得出不同温度烘干挂面中淀粉和蛋白组分含量变化情况。     

Enhancement of the antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory activities of king coconut water (Cocos nucifera var. aurantiaca) by fermentation with kombucha ‘tea fungus’

Enhancement of antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory properties of king coconut water when subjected to fermentation with the ‘tea fungus’ was evaluated. pH, colour, viscosity, ethanol content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ferulic and p‐coumaric acid contents and starch hydrolase inhibitory activities were analysed for 7 days in fermented and unfermented king coconut water samples. The fermented sample had a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) in pH. Colour values indicated the fermented beverage to increase in ‘yellowness’ over time. A statistically significant increase in the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity (P < 0.05) was observed from day 1 onwards in the fermented sample. The starch hydrolase inhibitory activities in the fermented beverage had statistically significantly increased (P < 0.05) by day 7. Overall, the study highlights an enhancement of the antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory properties of king coconut water as a result of the kombucha‐based fermentation.     

低分子质量壳聚糖对鲤鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响

旨在探讨低分子质量壳聚糖(low molecular weight chitosan,LMWC)对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)生长和消化酶活性的影响。采用单因子浓度梯度法,设基础饲料组和质量分数分别为0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.0%LMWC组;分别在30、45、60d对不同组鲤鱼质量增加率、投饵系数以及肝胰脏和肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶的活性进行动态分析。结果表明:随着LMWC添加量增加和时间延长,与对照组相比,鲤鱼质量增加率、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性都呈现逐渐升高的趋势,投饵系数呈现逐渐下降的趋势。在45、60d时0.75%LMWC组鲤鱼的质量增加率,淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶活性相对于对照、0.25%、0.50%、1.0%LMWC组,升高趋势最为明显。1.0%LMWC组鲤鱼随着时间延长,质量增加率和消化酶(淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶)活性的升高趋势逐渐变缓;饲料中添加不同质量分数的LMWC对鲤鱼消化酶活性的影响不同,0.75%为LMWC的最适添加量。     

酸性淀粉酶菌株的诱变选育及酶学性质研究

为了筛选酶活力较高的酸性酶淀粉酶菌株,多次采用紫外（UV）、化学诱变剂硫酸二乙酯（DES）,对黑曲霉（ATCC-1602）进行处理,通过淀粉透明圈的大小快速检测出酶活力较高的菌株,再经固态发酵测定酶活,筛选出一株酶活力较高的菌株（ATCC-1694）,酶活力为394.1u/g,比原始菌株酶活力提高10倍。该酶最适温度为75℃、最适pH为4.0。在50℃、pH4.0条件下酶活力相当稳定,在酿造工业有良好的应用前景。      

汾酒大曲酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶的分析

利用同工酶技术进行了清茬、后火和红心3种汾酒大曲酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶的比较研究。大曲电泳参数研究表明:酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶电泳分离胶浓度分别为12%和10%,上样蛋白浓度分别为5.5～11 mg/mL和0.34～0.69 mg/mL,连续抽提10批储存9 d,同工酶电泳图谱一致稳定。3种大曲同工酶酶谱分析表明:每种大曲都含有丰富的酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶酶带。3种大曲酯酶同工酶谱主带的数量和位置基本相同,曲皮、曲心和整曲也基本一致,仅在弱带区有所不同。3种大曲淀粉酶同工酶谱明显不同,后火曲有一条特征主带。曲心明显不同于曲皮和整曲,曲心的淀粉酶同工酶酶谱明显将3种大曲鉴别,其中有一条酶带可作为后火曲的同工酶标记。10批混合生产用曲的同工酶分析,酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶酶谱基本一致,淀粉酶同工酶谱分析混合曲中有后火曲存在。     

Pilot Scale Production of a Lager Beer from a Grist Containing 50% Unmalted Sorghum

Pilot scale (1000 L) brews were carried out with a grist comprising of unmalted sorghum (50% of total wet weight of grain) (South African variety) and malted barley (50% of total wet weight of grain) grist using a mashing program with rests at 50°C, 95°C and 60°C. Mashes were supplemented with a high heat stable bacterial α‐amylase, a bacterial neutral protease and a fungal α‐amylase. A control brew containing 100% malted barley was also carried out. Saccharification difficulties were encountered during mashing, and extraction of the grist was lower for the sorghum mashes. The sorghum mashes showed comparable lautering behaviour to that of the control mash. At mashing off the sorghum worts were starch positive. Apparent degree of fermentation of the sorghum gyles were less than the control gyles. Green beer filtration proved unproblematic. The sorghum beers compared quite closely with the control beer with regard to colour, pH and colloidal stability. Foam stability deficiencies were apparent with the sorghum beer. However, the fermentability of the sorghum worts were lower. Hence the sorghum beers were lower in total alcohol. Sensory analysis indicated that no significant differences existed between the sorghum beer and both the control beer and a commercial malted barley beer with regard to aroma, mouth‐feel, after‐taste and clarity. However, the sorghum beer was found to be significantly different to both of the other beers with regard to colour, initial taste and foam stability.     

超声波在棉织物退浆工艺中的适用性

将超声波技术应用到棉织物热水退浆、碱退浆和淀粉酶退浆工艺中,测定了超声波条件下3种退浆工艺退浆后织物的淀粉退浆率、PVA退浆率,并与常规条件下3种退浆工艺进行比较。结果表明,超声波对淀粉酶退浆工艺促进作用较为明显,超声波条件下淀粉酶退浆工艺的最优条件:酶用量5 g/L,温度50℃,处理时间10~15 min。     

Amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae in a solid‐state bioreactor with fed‐batch operation using mussel processing wastewaters as feeding medium

BACKGROUND: The high oxygen availability in solid‐state cultures makes them especially suitable for fungal enzyme production. Glycogen‐rich mussel processing wastewaters have been used successfully as substrates for amylase production by Aspegillus oryzae in solid‐state cultures supported in polyurethane foam. The aim of this work was to study the fed‐batch mode in a scalable solid‐state bioreactor to extend the productive period and obtain high amylase production. Culture salinization due to the NaCl content of these wastewaters is the main drawback. RESULTS: Evaporation of the excess liquid added during feeding led to progressive salt accumulation. The effect of culture salinization on amylase production was analysed and mathematically modelled, and the IC₅₀ (65.4 g L^?1 of NaCl) was calculated. An optimum operation mode for this bioreactor was designed that included foam extrusion for removing the incubated medium, washing and a final recharge with fresh medium every 72 h of incubation. This procedure kept the salt concentration under IC₅₀ and increased the amylase production from 3000 to 12 000 UE g^?1. CONCLUSION: An operating mode with intermittent extrusions and washings of the support between feedings was found to be an appropriate procedure for preventing the accumulation of inhibitory compounds in fed‐batch solid‐state cultures. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

THE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO DEGRADATION OF BARLEY AND MALT STARCH GRANULES

The susceptibilities to amylolytic hydrolysis of the two different types of starch granule in barley and malt have been investigated. The large and small granules from both germinated and ungerminated grain were subjected to the sole action of malt α-amylase under conditions which otherwise simulated those of a conventional infusion mash. Large starch granules from barley are hydrolysed at a slower rate than those from malt. The faster conversion of the latter is attributed to prior modification of the starch granule structure during germination. The small granules from barley are extremely resistant to attack by α-amylase and even pre-cooking does not appreciably increase their susceptibility to amylase attack. Although the small starch granules from malt are less susceptible than the corresponding large granule fraction, they can be hydrolysed to a greater extent than can the small granules from barley. The increased susceptibility of small granules from malt is probably due to the partial removal of their protecting surface layer of protein. Although during malting the small granules of barley are hydrolysed more rapidly than the large granules, the situation is reversed during mashing. Very little loss of extract can be attributed to the enzymic resistance of small starch granules in all-malt mashes. If raw barley is used in the grist, substantial amounts of small starch granules may remain in the mash.     

古细菌Pyrococcus furiosus嗜热α-淀粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

用PCR方法从嗜热古细菌Pyrococcusfuriosus的基因组DNA中扩增出胞外α 淀粉酶完整结构基因 ,插入表达载体pET2 8a中构建成质粒 pET amy(sig+) ,以质粒pET amy(sig +)为底物扩增出不含信号序列的α 淀粉酶成熟肽基因片断 ,获得质粒 pET amy(sig ) ,将重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)。在T7启动子和lac操纵子控制下 ,通过IPTG的诱导在重组大肠杆菌细胞内分别表达出含信号肽和不含信号肽的融合蛋白。其中不含信号肽的融合蛋白具有与P .furio sus产生的胞外α 淀粉酶相似的酶学性质 :最适pH为 5 .0 ,最适温度约为 95℃ ,在 1 2 1℃下热处理 1h酶活仍能保持 50 %以上 ;含信号肽序列的基因的表达产物不能测到酶活