不同脱酸工艺对红花籽油储藏品质的影响

为了选择合适的脱酸工艺,提高红花籽油的储藏品质,以脱胶红花籽油为原料,采用碱炼脱酸和超声波辅助乙醇萃取(UAEE)脱酸工艺制备脱酸红花籽油,并采用Schaal烘箱法进行加速氧化试验,比较加速氧化期间脱酸红花籽油的理化指标(酸值、过氧化值、p-茴香胺值)、脂质伴随物(α-生育酚、总酚、总甾醇)含量,以及体外抗氧化能力(DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力),对比分析2种脱酸工艺对红花籽油储藏品质的影响,并预测货架期的差异。结果表明：随着储藏时间的延长,2种脱酸红花籽油的理化品质、脂质伴随物含量、体外抗氧化能力均呈下降趋势;与碱炼脱酸工艺相比,UAEE脱酸工艺制备的红花籽油储藏品质更优;2种脱酸红花籽油的氧化均符合一级氧化动力学反应,通过动力学方程预测20℃和25℃密封避光条件下,UAEE脱酸红花籽油的货架期分别约为28 d和27 d,而碱炼脱酸红花籽油的分别约为22 d和21 d。综上,与碱炼脱酸相比,UAEE脱酸能提升红花籽油的储藏品质,有利于延长红花籽油的货架期。     

纳米TiO2抗紫外线整理棉织物的染色性能

 用不同结晶结构的纳米TiO2对棉织物进行抗紫外线整理,然后用红花红色素染色,并观察耐光色牢度。结果表明：经纳米TiO2抗紫外线整理的棉织物其K/S值小于整理前的棉织物;金红石型纳米TiO2整理棉织物的K/S值高,光老化时色差值变化较小,与整理前棉织物的色差值相近;随着聚乙二醇(PEG)分子质量的增大以及TiO2/PEG含量的增加,K/S值减小,光老化时色差值变化大。在CIE和孟塞尔(Munsell)表色系中,也表现出相同的染色性能。     

中心组合设计优化红花油脂肪酸单甘酯的合成条件

采用中心组合设计法研究了合成红花油脂肪酸单甘酯的三个关键因子:碱催化剂用量wt%、反应温度℃、甘油与红花油的摩尔比对其产率的影响,得到了三因子与单甘酯产率的回归方程以及三因素之间相互作用的响应面图。优化结果表明,碱催化剂用量为0.142%、反应温度194.3℃、甘油与红花油摩尔比3.05时,红花油脂肪酸单甘酯产率可达64.8%,比正交实验结果(62.54%)提高3.6%。     

Refining of high oleic safflower oil: Effect on the sterols and tocopherols content

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the industrial process steps on free fatty acids, peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (PAV), trans fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols (free, esterified and total) in high oleic safflower oil. Degumming, bleaching and deodorization steps removed 91.4% of free fatty acids, 96.31% of oxidation primary products (PV), and 54.57% of oxidation secondary products (PAV), from crude high oleic safflower oil. Degumming neither affected the content of sterified sterols nor its proportion with respect to the crude oil. A significant increment (p<0.05) in the content of free sterols was observed during degumming and bleaching due to the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of steryl esters. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in the content of total sterols during bleaching was observed, which is attributed to a reduction in the sterified sterol fraction. During deodorization, free sterols were distilled from oil, with a gradual reduction in the total sterol content as a function of the deodorization temperature. α- and γ-tocopherols represented 93.3% of the total tocopherols in high oleic safflower crude oil. The refining process removed 28.5% of the tocopherols. Deodorization was the main step which increased the level of trans fatty acids as an effect of temperature and heating time.     

响应面试验优化红花籽油水酶法提取工艺

通过二水平因子分析设计和响应面试验,优化水酶法提取红花籽油工艺。以红花籽油提取率为指标,对酶的种类及添加比例、料液比、总加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解p H值进行研究。结果表明:在木聚糖酶UTC-X50、果胶酶NCB3/ZG-040和碱性蛋白酶NCB3/ZG-002比例1∶2∶3(酶活比),总加酶量197.36 U/g,料液比1∶4(g/mL)条件下,先用细胞壁多糖酶(木聚糖酶、果胶酶)在p H 4.2、50℃酶解131 min,再用碱性蛋白酶在p H 9.8、40℃酶解60 min,此工艺条件下红花籽油提取率最高,为84.68%;采用气相色谱法分析脂肪酸组分,发现红花籽油中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量高达91.18%,其中亚油酸相对含量为78.27%,油酸相对含量为12.61%,亚麻酸相对含量为0.10%。     

Temporal changes in milk fatty acid distribution due to feeding different levels of rolled safflower seeds to lactating Holstein cows

The objective of this experiment was to follow the time-course changes of the milk fatty acids (FA) and particularly conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-3, and n-6 FA in response to feeding whole rolled safflower seed (SS). Eighteen cows were blocked by milk production, days in milk, and parity, and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets by replacing whole cottonseed with SS. The control diet contained no SS (SS0), whereas the other diets contained 3% of dry matter as SS (SS3) or 6% SS (SS6). The study was conducted for 8 wk. Cows fed SS produced more milk than SS0, with SS3 producing more milk than SS6, but without a change in milk fat yield or milk fat %. Except for C8:0 FA, changes in milk FA were not observed until the third week of SS feeding. The C8:0 began decreasing during wk 1 of SS feeding and continued to decline to wk 8. Short-chain FA (C6:0 to C11:0) and medium-chain FA (C12:0 to C16:1) concentrations decreased in milk when cows were fed SS, whereas long-chain FA (C18:0 and higher) increased after wk 3. The milk long-chain FA increased from wk 3 until wk 5 and then reached a plateau with little difference between SS3 and SS6, whereas the short-chain FA decreased more in milk from cows fed SS6 than SS3. Total CLA increased slightly less than 5× in milk from cows fed SS compared with SS0. Over the same time frame, n-3 FA declined and n-6 FA increased in the milk from cows fed SS, with no difference between SS3 and SS6. This study indicated that SS fed at 3 and 6% of DM had the potential to increase milk production and the CLA in milk, but with a corresponding increase in n-6 FA.     

Variations in the phytosterol and tocopherol compositions and the oxidative stability in seed oils from four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) varieties grown in north‐eastern Morocco

Phytosterol and tocopherol contents and oxidative stability were evaluated from seeds oils of four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) varieties originating from Spain (Rancho), India (Sharda) and Morocco (Cartamar and Cartafri), which were cultivated at the experimental station in Oujda (a semi‐arid region of eastern Morocco). Total phytosterols ranged from 3640 to 4140 mg kg^?1. GC analysis allowed the identification of nine compounds, of which β‐sitosterol was the major component. Total tocopherols ranged from 461.56 to 499.68 mg kg^?1. HPLC analysis allowed the identification of three compounds, α‐tocopherol (99.45%–98.84%), β‐tocopherol (0.94%–0.5%) and γ‐tocopherol (0.21%–0.01%). Oxidative stability study showed that Sharda had the lowest induction period of 2.3 h compared with 7.18, 7 and 6.67 h for Cartafri, Rancho and Cartamar, respectively. Likewise, we established a positive correlation between the oxidative stability and γ‐tocopherol; however, this difference was not significant.     

紫苏籽油与红花籽油联合使用降血脂研究

通过饲喂高脂饲料诱导建立小鼠高脂血症模型,研究紫苏籽油与红花籽油等质量混合后对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平的影响,并与市售紫苏油软胶囊作比较。结果表明,紫苏籽油和红花籽油等质量混合后可以极显著降低高脂血症小鼠的胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平(p0.01)以及显著降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量(p0.05),能极显著升高总胆固醇中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比例(HDL-C/TC)(p0.01),极显著降低动脉硬化指数(AI)(p0.01);其与紫苏油软胶囊组比较,效果更好。     

Supercritical electrocatalytic catalyst activation and its application in safflower seed oil isomerisation to prepare conjugated linoleic acid

The supported Ru/Na-ZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by loading Ru on the zeolite support by the impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that Ru was successfully supported. The supported catalyst was subjected to supercritical electrocatalytic activation, and the activated catalyst was applied to the isomerisation of safflower seed oil. The effect of activation conditions on the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) yield was examined. Under the supercritical CO₂ condition, the optimal activation conditions were electrocatalytic current of 200 mA, reaction temperature of 70 °C, stirring speed of 300 r.p.m and reaction time of 1.5 h. The CLA yield was 43.10%, the content of c9,t11-CLA in the product oil was 17.45% and the content of t10,c12-CLA was 15.86%, significantly higher than the raw oil. The change was not noticeable in terms of physicochemical properties compared with the raw oil, which met edible vegetable oil quality standards.