丙酸杆菌发酵提取物-乳酸链球菌素复配对熏煮香肠品质的影响

为延长熏煮香肠的货架期、保持其食用品质,该文研究了丙酸杆菌发酵提取物（Propionibacterium fermented extract,PFE）和乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）复配对熏煮香肠贮藏期间品质、氧化程度及微生物的影响。分别将0.01%、0.02%、0.03%的Nisin与0.30%的PFE复配后添加到熏煮香肠中,探究其在贮藏期间（4 ℃）颜色、质构、硫代巴比妥酸值（Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）和菌落总数的变化,并与0.30% PFE和0.03% Nisin作比较,同时通过高通量测序分析贮藏过程中熏煮香肠的微生物多样性。结果显示,PFE与Nisin复配后显著提高香肠的L*值和a*值并降低b*值（p<0.05）,显著降低产品的硬度、咀嚼性和弹性（p<0.05）。0.3%PFE复配0.01%和0.02% Nisin的处理组抑制脂肪氧化的效果显著优于单独添加Nisin和PFE的处理组（p<0.05）。复配处理组的菌落总数在整个贮藏期间均显著小于其它处理组（p<0.05）,且复配0.01% Nisin的处理组在贮藏后期表现出更好的抑菌效果。通过高通量测序技术发现Nisin与PFE复配添加对葡萄球菌属、不动杆菌属和芽孢八叠球菌属均表现出更好的抑制效果。PFE复配Nisin后可有效抑制熏煮香肠的脂肪氧化和微生物生长,更好地保持熏煮香肠在贮藏期间的品质,其中0.01%的Nisin复配比例的综合表现最佳。     

脂肪添加量对发酵香肠脂质和蛋白质氧化及挥发性化合物形成的影响

通过研究不同脂肪添加量（5%、10%、15%和20%）的香肠在发酵过程中脂质和蛋白质的氧化水平,并对发酵前后的挥发性化合物进行分析,最后对香肠进行感官评价。结果表明,随着脂肪添加量的增加,硫代巴比妥酸值显著增加,肌原纤维蛋白的羰基含量增加,总巯基含量降低（P＜0.05）,说明增加脂肪添加量会促进发酵香肠中脂肪和蛋白质的氧化;挥发性化合物分析可知,脂肪添加量较高的发酵香肠,因脂质自动氧化产生的醛、酮、酸、醇、酯和烷烃类化合物含量也相应增加（P＜0.05）;感官评价结果表明,脂肪添加量为15%的发酵香肠,其整体可接受性最佳（P＜0.05）。     

烤肠中芽孢杆菌生长动力学模型及货架期预测

以真空包装烤肠中芽孢杆菌为研究对象,建立其生长动力学模型及货架期预测模型。将同批次真空包装烤肠存放于4,10,25℃条件下,定期进行各指标测定,由此建立其中芽孢杆菌生长的一级和二级模型以及货架期预测模型。结果表明,修正的Gompertz模型可以很好的描述烤肠中的芽孢杆菌的生长情况,建立不同温度下3个一级生长动力学模型,其R2均在0.960以上,其偏差因子Bf与准确因子Af值均在可接受范围内;平方根(Belehradck)模型可以很好的描述温度与延滞时间(λ)、最大比生长速率(μmax)间的关系,建立了温度与延滞时间、最大比生长速率间的二级模型,其R2均在0.940以上,其残差的绝对值均小于0.1;通过一级和二级模型建立出了真空包装烤肠在4～25℃条件下贮存的货架期预测模型。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的特性分析及在鸡肉灌肠中的应用

以早籼米淀粉为原料,采用水相体系制备不同黏度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,并对其糊化特性、冻融稳定性及在鸡肉灌肠中的应用进行研究。结果表明:淀粉经酸解和辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性后,可以得到不同黏度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,具有良好的冻融稳定性。在鸡肉灌肠中应用时,加入早籼米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的鸡肉灌肠与加入木薯变性淀粉的鸡肉灌肠相比较,其硬度、弹性和咀嚼性都有不同程度的提高(P<0.05)。扫描电子显微镜分析显示,添加木薯变性淀粉的样品,内部结构比较蓬松,而添加早籼米OSA-H6的样品,其内部组织则相对紧实细腻。该研究表明,辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性淀粉(烯基琥珀酸淀粉酸)可以改善肉制品的质构特性,在肉制品中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Effect of green tea or rosemary extract on protein oxidation in Bologna type sausages prepared from oxidatively stressed pork

Bologna type sausages were prepared from oxidatively stressed pork (UV-irradiation, 48 h, 5 °C) using a traditional recipe (control) or the same recipe but added green tea extract (500 ppm total phenolic compounds) or rosemary extract (400 ppm total phenolic compounds). Green tea and rosemary extracts protected against formation of TBARS and protein carbonyls. On the contrary, increased thiol loss and a distinct loss of myosin heavy chain and actin due to polymerization by reducible bonds as determined by SDS-page were found by addition of green tea extract. The enhanced protein polymerization was ascribed to the reaction between quinone compounds from the plant extracts and protein thiol groups to yield phenol-mediated protein polymerization. Analysis by ESR spectroscopy revealed increased radical intensities in sausages added plant extracts, which was ascribed to originate from protein-bound phenoxyl radicals, which may protect against other oxidatively induced protein modifications.     

基于智能感官和气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究食盐添加量对风干肠风味特征的影响

将智能感官技术(电子舌和电子鼻)与气相色谱-质谱仪相结合研究食盐添加量(2.50％、2.00％、1.75％和1.50％)对风干肠风味特征的影响.结果表明,随食盐添加量的减少,水分含量、水分活度和乳酸菌总数逐渐升高,pH值逐渐下降(P＜0.05).电子舌和电子鼻结果表明,食盐添加量为2.00％和1.75％的处理组滋味和气...     

Effect of fermentation temperature on the microbial and physicochemical properties of silver carp sausages inoculated with Pediococcus pentosaceus

The effect of fermentation with Pediococcus pentosaceus at different temperatures ranging from 15 to 37 °C on the quality characteristics of silver carp sausages was investigated. Higher temperature stimulated the rapid growth of lactic acid bacteria, resulting in a rapid decline in pH, and consequently suppressed the growth of Pseudomonas, Micrococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. However, increasing fermentation temperature gave a progressive increase in total volatile basic nitrogen and biogenic amines in fermented silver carp sausages. Histamine was the main biogenic amine, exceeding 100 mg/kg after 48 h of fermentation at temperatures above 30 °C. Higher content of non-protein nitrogen and α-amino nitrogen correlated with the electrophoretic studies, which showed that proteolysis of high molecular weight myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins was more prominent at higher fermentation temperatures. Products fermented at 23–30 °C showed greatest consumer preference and most favourable textural properties.     

Weissellahellenica1501对发酵香肠品质的影响

研究希腊魏斯菌单菌或与植物乳杆菌配合使用对发酵香肠生产过程中的微生物指标、pH、亚硝酸盐残留量和发色效果等的影响,以不接种发酵剂添加亚硝酸钠生产的香肠为对照.结果表明,两种菌配合使用时能迅速降低香肠pH,对香肠的色泽有很大的贡献.     

混合发酵剂的筛选及对发酵猪肉香肠加工特性及安全性能的影响

通过比较不同比例植物乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌的复合发酵剂的生长活性、产酸能力、耐盐及耐亚硝酸盐特性,筛选最佳复配比例的混合发酵剂并制作发酵香肠。旨在探究复合发酵剂对发酵香肠理化品质及生物胺的影响。结果表明:植物乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌复合比为1:1时,具有较好的生长、产酸、耐盐及耐亚硝酸盐能力。接种1:1的植物乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌混合发酵剂制备的香肠pH值下降速率快于单一乳酸菌组和空白对照组;发酵结束混合组pH值降为4.95,显著低于对照组和单一组(P<0.05);pH值下降改变了蛋白质与水分结合能力、促使香肠Aw随之降低,使得混合组Aw低于单一组和对照组;相比香肠色泽,3组差异不显著(P>0.05)。成熟后期混合组尸胺和组胺检出量均低于单一组和对照组。由研究结果可知添加复合发酵剂有助于提高香肠安全性、缩短发酵成熟周期。     

An enzyme sensor for the determination of total amines in dry-fermented sausages

An enzyme sensor employing diamine oxidase from porcine kidney in combination with an oxygen electrode has been developed and optimised to estimate the content of total amines in dry-fermented sausages. The enzyme DAO was immobilised on a preactivated Immunodyne membrane using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The enzymatic determination was based on the measurement of the consumed O₂ in a platinum electrode poised at −600 mV versus Ag/AgCl. The reaction was started by the direct injection of either the standard or meat extract on the enzymatic membrane. The immobilised enzyme could be used up to 30 analyses along the day without significant loss of sensitivity and could be stored at 4 °C showing good stability for at least 6 weeks. A good correlation was observed when comparing data obtained with the enzyme sensor to those obtained with a standard HPLC method. Thus, this sensor may be a reliable screening method to detect the presence of biogenic amines in dry-fermented sausages that can constitute a useful tool for quality control in the meat industry.