植物油甲醇萃取物的自由基清除能力及其与多酚、生育酚含量的相关性

研究评估10种常见植物油甲醇萃取物的ORAC、FRAP、ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力,并将自由基清除能力与多酚、生育酚含量进行相关性分析。结果表明:所有样品对4种自由基平均清除能力依次为FRAPORACABTSDPPH;各种植物油甲醇萃取物清除不同自由基的能力不同,芝麻油甲醇萃取物的ORAC清除能力最强,高达1 187.43μmol TE/100 g;植物油多酚含量较生育酚含量与其甲醇萃取物的自由基清除能力具有更好的相关性,ORAC和ABTS自由基清除能力与植物油多酚含量在P0.01水平上呈显著相关,相关系数分别达0.819和0.946;DPPH和FRAP自由基清除能力与植物油多酚、生育酚含量均在P0.05水平显著相关。     

猕猴桃汁浸提液对肉制品中亚硝酸盐的清除效应

研究猕猴桃汁浸提液对降低肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留的作用,以提高肉制品食用安全。根据浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提液用量和反应时间、反应温度对降低肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留的效果,采用正交实验选择清除亚硝酸盐的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:猕猴桃汁浸提液(料水比为1∶3,55℃下浸提30min)清除亚硝酸盐的最佳条件为:9mL提取液在50℃下反应5min,体外清除率最大为96.18%;对肉制品(20g)中亚硝酸钠的清除效果达到81%以上。研究为猕猴桃汁浸提液降低肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留应用于实际生产提供理论依据。     

Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of a selection of wild-growing Colombian plants

BACKGROUND: The replacement of some synthetic food antioxidants by safe natural antioxidants has fostered research on the screening of raw materials to find new vegetable sources of antioxidants. In this study the antioxidant activity of eight wild‐growing Colombian plants was assessed by four complementary assays. RESULTS: An evaluation of the antioxidant activity of ten ethanolic extracts from Baccharis chilco, Cinnamomum triplinerve, Ilex laurina, Lachemilla orbiculata, Lepechinia conferta, Quercus humboldtii, Rubus urticifolius and Tephrosia cinerea was carried out. Furthermore, the total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and the relationship between phenolic content and activity was also statistically investigated. Cinnamomum triplinerve, L. conferta and I. laurina were found to have the highest phenolic contents. Baccharis chilco, C. triplinerve, I. laurina, L. conferta, Q. humboldtii and R. urticifolius showed higher radical‐scavenging activity (DPPH and superoxide assays) than commercial rosemary oleoresin (reference). Lachemilla orbiculata and R. urticifolius showed higher antioxidant activity (β‐carotene‐bleaching test) than the reference. The protection factor of all studied plant extracts was below that of the reference according to the Rancimat test. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results obtained, C. triplinerve, Q. humboldtii and R. urticifolius seem to be the most promising species for further investigation in order to identify the compounds responsible for their activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的功能特性及抗氧化活性

以鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽为实验材料,研究其吸水性、保水性、乳化性等功能特性,并且进行了体外抗氧化实验。结果表明鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽具有较好的吸水性、保水性、吸油性和起泡性,具有一定的乳化性和较弱的泡沫稳定性。体外抗氧化实验结果显示,鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均有一定的清除效果,且清除率与样品溶液的浓度存在剂量依赖关系;浓度为30mg/mL时,胶原蛋白肽对DPPH·、·OH和O2-·的抑制率分别可达到73.84%、85.76%、64.09%。分级后,分子量1ku以下的胶原蛋白肽对DPPH·和·OH的清除能力最强,30mg/mL时清除率达到84%和90.97%;分子量5ku以上的胶原蛋白肽对O2-·清除能力最强,30mg/mL时清除率达到74.02%。     

In‐vitro study on the efficacy of tannin fractions of edible nuts as antioxidants

Tannin fractions were isolated from crude acetonic extracts of defatted walnut, hazelnut and almond kernels using Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography. The obtained material was characterized by content of total phenolics and electrophoretic separations using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The antioxidant activities of the tannin fractions were analyzed by several methods: DPPH and ABTS assays, photochemiluminescence (PCL) method, as well as in two lipid model systems: emulsion with β‐carotene‐linoleic acid and L ‐α‐lecithin liposomes. The contents of total phenolics in the tannin fractions of walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds were 550, 329 and 83 mg catechin eq/g, respectively. The electrophoretic profiles of hazelnut and almond tannin fractions were similar, in contrast to the walnut profile. All analyzed fractions exhibited strong antioxidant properties. The antioxidant capacity of lipid‐soluble (ACL) compounds determined by PCL method was the highest for the fraction isolated from walnuts – 7.35 mmol Trolox eq/g. The DPPH radical and the ABTS radical cation were scavenged by the walnut tannin fraction with a higher efficacy than by the two other fractions. EC₅₀ values of the DPPH method were 1.8 times higher for the hazelnut fraction and 2.3 times higher for the almond fraction when compared to the walnut tannins. In turn, the total antioxidant activity values were 8.17, 2.82 and 1.98 mmol Trolox eq/g for the walnut, hazelnut and almond fractions, respectively. On the other hand, in both lipid models applied, lower antioxidant activity of walnut tannins than of hazelnut tannins was noted. The antioxidant effect of almond tannins was weaker or similar than that of walnut tannins in the β‐carotene‐linoleic acid emulsion and the L ‐α‐lecithin liposomal system, respectively.     

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of mango (Mangifera indica L.) flesh and peel

The antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of flesh and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L.) were investigated. The cytoprotective effect of mango flesh and peel extracts on oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂ in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, were determined, and the underlying mechanism was examined by a single-cell electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Treatment of HepG2 cell with mango peel extract prior to oxidative stress was found to inhibit DNA damage. The free radical scavenging activities of mango flesh and peel extracts were evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR). The mango peel extract exhibited stronger free radical scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and alkyl radicals than mango flesh extract, regardless of ripeness. Similarly, peel extract exhibited significant antiproliferative effect against all tested cancer cell lines, compared to that of flesh extract, in a dose-dependent manner. The result also showed that the antiproliferative activity of mango flesh and peel extracts correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Thus, mango peel, a major by-product obtained during the processing of mango product, exhibited good antioxidant activity and may serve as a potential source of phenolics with anticancer activity.     

牡丹叶黄酮的酶法提取条件优化及其对亚硝酸盐的清除作用

以牡丹叶为原料,采用酶法提取牡丹叶黄酮,以纤维素酶用量、pH值、酶解温度、酶解时间为单因素,以牡丹叶黄酮提取率为考察指标,通过正交试验确定酶法提取牡丹叶黄酮的最佳工艺参数为：纤维素酶用量12.5 U/mL、pH 4.5、酶解温度45 ℃、酶解时间4 h。在此条件下牡丹叶黄酮提取率为2.43%。提取得到的牡丹叶黄酮浸提液可用于亚硝酸盐清除,通过正交试验优化得到牡丹叶黄酮清除亚硝酸盐的最佳反应条件为：反应温度70 ℃、pH 4.0、牡丹叶黄酮提取液添加量25 mL（10 μg亚硝酸钠）、反应时间20 min。在此条件下牡丹叶黄酮对亚硝酸盐清除率可达62.15%。     

Effect of cooking on the antioxidant properties of coloured peppers

Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) has long been recognized as an excellent source of antioxidants, being rich in ascorbic acid and other phytochemicals. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different cooking methods on the antioxidant properties of coloured peppers. Six varieties of peppers were subjected to different cooking methods, such as microwave heating, stir-frying and boiling in water, for 5 min individually. The cooked and raw peppers were analyzed for radical-scavenging activity (RSA) and total polyphenol content (TP) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl–high-pressure liquid chromatography (DPPH)–HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The samples were also evaluated for ascorbic acid content (AsA) by HPLC. Total carotenoid content was determined spectrophotometrically. Results suggest that there is no significant (P > 0.05) difference in RSA, TP, AsA and total carotenoid contents between the cooked and raw peppers when processed for 5 min. However, the cooked peppers show marked differences (P < 0.05) in the RSA, TP and AsA when cooked for 5 min in boiling water with further reduction observed after boiling for 30 min. This may be due to the leaching of antioxidant compounds from the pepper into the cooking water during the prolonged exposure to water and heat. Therefore, it is vital to use less water and cooking time and also to consume the water used for boiling so as to obtain the optimum benefits of bioactive compounds present in peppers. It is concluded that microwave heating and stir-frying without using water are more suitable cooking methods for pepper, to ensure the maximum retention of antioxidant molecules.     

仙人掌多糖清除自由基的研究

本文研究了仙人掌水溶性多糖的提取及对Fenton反应产生.OH和过硫酸铵/N,N,N,,N,-四甲基乙二胺(AP-TEMED)体系产生的氧自由基的清除效果。结果表明以水为溶剂提取仙人掌多糖的得率为2.821%,纯度为24.76±1.20%。提取物经乙醇沉淀后,得到纯度为77.52%±1.19%的粗多糖。仙人掌粗多糖清除自由基的能力与其浓度呈线性关系,1000mg/L的多糖溶液对.OH和O2-.自由基的清除率分别为63.00%和57.06%。     

Total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of eclipse black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by processing methods

ABSTRACT:  The effects of soaking, boiling, and steaming processes on the phenolic components and antioxidant activity of black beans were investigated. All processed beans exhibited significantly ( P < 0.05) lower antioxidant activities than raw beans in total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC). Steaming processes resulted in a greater retention of TPC and ORAC values than the boiling processes. Pressure boiling shortened processing time compared to regular boiling, resulted in insignificant differences in TPC, but significantly increased in ORAC as compared to the regular boiling method. Pressure steaming resulted in significant decreases in TPC, DPPH, while significantly increased in ORAC compared to regular steaming. Greater TPC, DPPH, and ORAC values were detected in boiling water than in the soaking and steaming water. Mass balance analysis showed that boiling caused more dry solid loss than steaming. All of these results indicated that processing methods significantly changed contents and activities of antioxidant components of black beans. Steam processing exhibited several advantages in appearance and texture of the cooked product, shortening processing time, and in greater retention of TPC and antioxidant activities. Steam processing may be used to develop high-quality health-promoting black bean products.