Supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seeds oil: scale-up and economic analysis

This work presents a scale-up and feasibility study for the establishment of supercritical CO₂ extraction plants to produce grape seeds oil. The scale-up factors are determined using experimental and modelling results based on seeds from six grape cultivars over 2 harvest years. The purchased cost of the production plant is estimated using ‘the six-tenth rule’ from the cost of a pilot scale unit. The results indicate that, at the current minimum retail selling price of extra virgin grape seeds oil, the proposed project is technically viable and economically feasible with a breakeven point of US$ 7.46 per kg-oil and rate of return on investment of 28%.     

响应面法优化脂肪酶水解红花籽油工艺

以红花籽油为原料,采用不同脂肪酶水解以提高多不饱和脂肪酸水解率。研究酶添加量、酶解温度、pH、超声时间对水解率的影响,通过响应面实验结果表明:米曲霉脂肪酶酶加量300 U/g、温度39℃、pH7.0、酶解10 h为最佳工艺条件,此时酶解红花籽油的水解率最高,达到89.37%±0.19%。     

印加果种子生长发育过程中脂肪酸组成的变化分析

为研究印加果种子生长发育过程中脂肪酸组成及含量的变化规律,分析测定了印加果种子在12个生长时期中的脂肪酸组成,并利用荧光显微技术对印加果种子发育过程中种仁细胞内油体进行了细胞形态学观察。结果表明:印加果种子在发育过程中,不饱和脂肪酸含量呈渐增趋势,至成熟时含量达92.15%,其中亚油酸和亚麻酸二者含量达85.32%;饱和脂肪酸含量整体呈下降趋势,种子成熟时棕榈酸和硬脂酸总含量仅7.06%;结合细胞学观察,从样品9~样品11时期为印加果种子油转化高峰期,最佳采摘期为开花后120 d之后。     

Effect of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Germination of Tomato Seeds under Cold Stress

Cold stress is known to influence tomato growth, development, and yield. In this study, we analyzed the germination of tomato seeds treated with exogenous glycine betaine (GB) at a low temperature (14 °C). The results showed that cold stress inhibited tomato seed germination, and pretreatment with exogenous GB reduced this inhibition and enhanced the germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), and viability of tomato seeds at low temperatures. Analysis of gene expression and metabolism revealed that GB positively regulated endogenous hormone gibberellin (GA) content and negatively regulated abscisic acid (ABA) content, while GB reduced the starch content in the seeds by up-regulating the amylase gene expression. Gene expression analysis showed that the key genes (SlSOD, SlPOD, and SlchlAPX) involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems were up-regulated in GB-pretreated tomato seeds compared with the control. At the same time, levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were significantly lower, while the proline content and peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were elevated compared with those in the control. These results demonstrate that exogenous GB as a positive regulator effectively alleviated the inhibition of tomato seed germination under cold stress by different signal pathways.     

不同储藏条件对油菜籽生理活性的影响研究

以甘蓝型油菜籽为材料,研究了含水量(6.8％、8.3％、9.8％)、储藏温度(20℃、25℃、30 ℃、35℃)、储藏方式(充氮气调、常规密闭)等不同条件下油菜籽电导率、发芽率、发芽势等生理指标的变化,结果表明:在120 d期间,油菜籽电导率呈升高趋势,发芽率、发芽势呈降低趋势,其升高或降低幅度与储藏条件有关.在20℃、充氮条件下,含水量6.8％的油菜籽电导率数值低、升幅小,其发芽率高、降幅小.低水分、准低温(20℃)加充氮气调更能保持油菜籽的生理活性.     

“增收保”的农业试验研究

利用“增收保”喷施处理小麦、甜菜、棉花等大田作物，均具有较强的抗旱作用和显著的增产效果．拌种、浸种处理冬小麦，发现“增收保”具有较强的促进胚芽生长和根系发育作用，其发芽率、分蘖率、苗高优于清水对照组．试验表明，“增收保”是一种性能优良的植物生长调节剂和营养液．     

Detection of olive oil adulteration with canola oil from triacylglycerol analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

The objective of this study was to explore the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) as a means to detect adulteration of olive oil with less expensive canola oil. Previously this method has been shown to be useful in the detection of some other added seed oils; however, the detection of adulteration with canola oil might be more difficult due to similarities in fatty acid composition between canola oil and olive oil. Various mixtures of canola oil with olive oils were prepared, and RP-HPLC profiles were obtained. Adulteration of olive oil samples with less than 7.5% (w/w) canola oil could not be detected.     

Biodegradation ofVernonia galamensis seed Oil byAcinetobacter andPseudomonas sp.

The biodegradability ofVernonia galamensis seed oil (VO) has been demonstrated with two environmental bacterial strains,Acinetobacter Iwoffi (HU 3955), andPseudomonas sp. (HU 4020). A time-dependent increase in the degradative activities of both bacteria species was apparent. There wasca. 60% decrease in the amount of VO over an eightday incubation period. Additionally, lipolytic activity was evident from the amount of free fatty acid (FFA) that was generated. The percent FFA of the residual oil were 82% for thePseudomonas strain, and 62% for theAcinetobacter strain. The weight per epoxy value of the VO in the fermentation medium remained relatively constant over the incubation period, suggesting the lack of preference for either the epoxidized or nonepoxidized acids present in VO.     

Characterisation of Moringa stenopetala seed oil variety “Marigat” from island Kokwa

The oil from Moringa stenopetala seeds variety Marigat from the island Kokwa was extracted using 3 different procedures including cold press (CP), extraction with n‐hexane and extraction with a mixture of chloroform:methanol (1:1) (CM). The yield of oil was 35.7% (CP) to 44.9% (CM). The density, refractive index, colour, smoke point, viscosity, acidity, saponification value, iodine value, fatty acid methyl esters, sterols, tocopherols (by high‐performance liquid chromatography), peroxide value, Eequation/tex2gif-stack-1.gif at 232 nm and the susceptibility to oxidation measured by the Rancimat method were determined. The oil was found to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic (up to 76.40%). The dominant saturated acids were behenic (up to 6.01%) and palmitic (up to 6.21%). The oil was also found to contain high levels of β‐sitosterol (up to 52.19%%of total sterols), stigmasterol (up to 16.53% of total sterols) and campesterol (up to 14.26% of total sterols). α‐, β‐ and δ‐tocopherols were detected up to levels of 98.00, 44.50 and 82.41 mg/kg of oil, respectively. The reduction of the induction period (at 120 °C) of M. stenopetala seed oil ranged from 29.4% to 54.7% after degumming. The M. stenopetala seed oil showed high stability to oxidative rancidity. The results of all the above determinations were compared with those of a commercial virgin olive oil and Moringa oleifera seed oil.     

Studies on epoxidized rubber seed oil as plasticizer for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber

The application of rubber seed oil (RSO) and epoxidized RSO (ERSO) as a plasticizer in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) was studied using RSO and ERSO with different levels of epoxidation. The results indicated that ERSO could be used as a less leachable and low volatility plasticizer for NBR. The use of ERSO in NBR gave better abrasion resistance whereas the tensile strength and tear strength were comparable to those vulcanizates that contained dioctyl phthalate as a plasticizer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 668–673, 2003