苯甲醇制造方法

阐述了苯甲醇的各种制造方法和国内外发展趋势，指出甲苯氧化制苯甲酸时，副产10%～15%(wt)苯甲醇，分离精制，是一种有重大工业潜力的方法。还提到了“绿色化学”合成路线，指出了各种路线的优缺点。     

盐水介质铝合金复合缓蚀剂的研究

以葡萄糖酸盐、醇胺磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑(BTA)、表面活性剂、添加剂等合成了盐水介质铝缓蚀剂并用腐蚀失重法进行了评价。在22.5％盐水介质中,葡萄糖酸钙:苯并三氮唑:硫酸锌:醇胺磷酸酯:十二烷基苯磺酸钠=1.0:1.0:0.6:0.2:0.05,50℃时,铝缓蚀率可达95％以上。     

Active sites in methanol oxidation on Cu(110) determined by STM and molecular beam measurements

STM has been combined with molecular beam rate measurements to gain an understanding of the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to produce formaldehyde, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level. From this a model of the reaction is developed where the methanol initial reacts at very few active oxygen sites located at the short sides of oxygen islands on the Cu(110) surface. Such sites are very much rarer on a surface which is saturated with 0.5 monolayers of oxygen and the reaction rate is initially very low, but shows autocatalytic behaviour, rising in time as vacancies are created in the oxygen layer.     

Numerical study of the transfer of shock-wave loading to a screened flat wall through a layer of a powdered medium and a subsequent air gap

The two-velocity, two-temperature model with two stresses in a mixture of a gas and solid particles contacting each other is used to numerically study the dynamic effect of an air shock wave incoming onto a solid wall with a screening layer of a porous powdered medium at some distance from the wall. The process is described for the case of one-dimensional planar motion of the gaseous and disperse phases under the assumption of a viscoelastic behavior of the powder skeleton. The effect of stepwise shock waves onto the porous powdered screen is considered. The influence of parameters of the screening layer and the air gap on the dynamics of loading of the screened solid wall is analyzed. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 132–142, January–February, 2007.     

高效防腐中温磷化液LC-1的制备及性能

制备了一种含Zn2+、Mn2+、N i2+三系离子的LC-1磷化液,通过硫酸铜点滴、氯化钠浸蚀、SEM等手段对磷化膜进行了测试,测定了磷化温度、磷化时间对膜层耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,在磷化温度大于65℃,磷化时间大于10 m in的条件下,所形成的磷化膜结晶均匀、致密、黑褐色,耐蚀性良好。LC-1三系磷化液可适用于大批量钢铁工件的磷化生产。     

STUDIES ON COUNTERACTING CHROMATOGRAPHIC ELECTROPHORESIS AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR PROTEIN PURIFICATION

A counteracting chromatographic electrophoresis(CACE)separation device has been success-fully built and tested.Experiments are performed with protein mixtures of BSA,Hg,Mg and Cyto-cto study the separation performances,concentration profiles,start-up methodology as well as influ-ences of pH and ionic strength on the separation process.Mathematical models based on the fluiddynamics of the porous medium are proposed.Experiments indicate that the CACE process has agood commercial potential in protein engineering and fine chemicals purification.     

悬浮法合成固体粒状丙烯酸树脂

研究了悬浮法合成固体丙烯酸树脂颗粒。讨论了不同软硬单体配比对丙烯酸树脂颗粒的玻璃化转变温度、相对分子质量及其分布的影响以及不同的引发剂及悬浮剂对其聚合过程、最终产物形态及上述性能的影响。制得的丙烯酸树脂的数均相对分子质量用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定为3.9×104～6.2×104,相对分子质量分布为2.04～2.32;用红外光谱图表征了制得的丙烯酸树脂结构。差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。     

Mechanism for the reduction of NOx on Rh/sulfated titanias

Titanias of different surface areas have been sulfated and used as supports of Rh oxide for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. Only the sulfation of TiO₂ of large surface areas gives strong Br?nsted acid sites, retaining pyridine up to 773 K. Low surface area anatase is unable to retain sulfates. The catalytic activities measured at 523 K, increase with the number of acid sites, and then reach a plateau, showing the intervention of acidity in the SCR. This is true only for Rh but not for Pt. The investigation of the elemental steps on Rh/sulfated TiO₂ by in situ diffuse reflectance spectroscopy permits to clarify a few points: the oxidation of propene, presumably to acetaldehyde, occurs by the reaction with nitrates adsorbed on the support. The further oxidation of this intermediate by NO₂ yields an isocyanate, which can be hydrolysed to ammonia.     

Silica-supported cobalt catalysts for the selective reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene

Catalytic behavior of silica-supported transition metals for NO reduction with propene in the presence of oxygen was investigated. While both silica and cobalt oxides did not show any activity for the selective NO reduction, impregnated CoO/SiO₂ prepared from cobalt acetate showed good activity although the preparation conditions had significant effect on the activity. It was suggested that highly dispersed surface Co²⁺ ions on silica are responsible for the catalytic activity.     

Preparation and reaction mechanistic characterization of sol–gel indium/alumina catalysts developed for NO x reduction by propene in lean conditions

The impregnation and sol–gel preparation methods were investigated to develop high activity catalysts and understand the significance of the indium–aluminium interaction on aluminasupported indium catalysts in NO _x reduction with propene. Active In/alumina catalysts with a very high surface area (270 m²/g) and thermal stability were prepared in controlled conditions by sol–gel processing. When Al isopropoxide and In nitrate in ethyl glycol were used as precursors in aqua media, indium atoms were incorporated evenly distributed as a thermally stable form in the aluminium oxide lattice structure. In wet impregnation it was beneficial to use a certain excess of aqueous In solution (volumes of solution : pores = 2 : 1) to have the highest NO _x reduction activity. The catalyst containing dispersed Al on In oxide (58 wt% In, phaseequilibrium preparation method) showed activity at lower temperatures than any other In–Al oxide catalyst or pure In₂O₃. The adsorption of different reaction intermediates on alumina and stable In₂O₃ sites were detected by FTIR studies. In/alumina catalysts have active sites to oxidize NO to NO₂, partially oxidize HC, form the actual reductant which contains N–H or N–C bonding and react with NO to dinitrogen. The cooperation with indium and aluminium was evident even in the mechanical mixture of sol–gel prepared alumina (301 m²/g) and In₂O₃ powders (27 m²/g), where the probability for molecularscale intimate contact between indium and aluminium sites was very low (particle size 10–250 m). Shortlived gaseous intermediates and surface migration are the possible reasons for the high catalytic activities on the two physically separated active sites both necessary for the reaction sequence.