电解金属锰生产"废渣"--富硒全价肥的开发利用研究

电解金属锰生产“废渣”含有丰富的矿物质营养元素,对农作物生长表现有较好的正效应,既能改良土壤,又能使农产品富硒,是可以开发利用的新型肥料资源。     

硒与老鹰茶黄酮复配对山茶油的抗氧化效果

为了促进天然抗氧化剂的开发,以过氧化值为指标,以硒代蛋氨酸、甲基硒代半胱氨酸、亚硒酸钠和老鹰茶黄酮(HTTF)为研究对象,采用Schaal烘箱法对比单独和复配使用对山茶油的抗氧化效果。结果表明：硒代蛋氨酸、甲基硒代半胱氨酸和亚硒酸钠对山茶油均有抗氧化效果,且加入量越高,抗氧化效果越好;硒代蛋氨酸和亚硒酸钠与HTTF复配对山茶油的抗氧化效果均优于各单一组分,而甲基硒代半胱氨酸与HTTF复配对山茶油的抗氧化效果优于HTTF,但逊于甲基硒代半胱氨酸;硒代蛋氨酸、甲基硒代半胱氨酸、亚硒酸钠和HTTF单独使用和复配使用对山茶油的抗氧化效果均弱于TBHQ。综上,不同的硒与HTTF复配对山茶油的抗氧化效果不同。     

海藻中总硒含量及各赋存形态的分布研究

研究了各类海藻中总硒的含量及硒的赋存形态的分布。采用连续浸提法研究各海藻中硒的赋存形态,经湿法消化后,采用氢化物-原子荧光分光光度法测定各组分中的含硒量。结果表明,12种海藻样品中,总硒含量范围为:0.0268～0.2234μg/g,海藻中硒的各赋存形态分布情况:碱溶态>残渣态>水溶态>盐溶态>乙醇态。     

Aqua regia extractable selenium concentrations of some Scottish topsoils measured by ICP‐MS and the relationship with mineral and organic soil components

BACKGROUND: To provide information concerning the geographical distribution of selenium (Se) in the soils of Scotland, we analysed 47 arable soils selected on the basis of their parent rock, which were expected to have relatively high, low or unclassified Se concentrations. To investigate relationships between the actual minerals in the soils and the aqua regia extractable Se concentration of the soil, soil minerals were quantified by X‐ray diffraction. RESULTS: The aqua regia extractable Se concentrations of the soils were between 0.19 and 1.46 mg kg^?1. No simple correlation between the aqua regia extractable Se concentrations of the soil and the parent rock classification estimated by soil survey was evident. Partial least squares analysis revealed that the aqua regia extractable Se concentration of the soils was positively related to loss on ignition (LOI) or C concentration and negatively related to the K‐feldspar concentration, with other minerals being less important. CONCLUSION: The Se concentration of arable topsoils from Scotland is more related to LOI or carbon concentration, with parent material being less important. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

大麦苗富硒研究

目的：探讨大麦苗不同富集硒的方法以及不同浓度的亚硒酸钠对大麦苗的生长及富硒量的影响。方法：采用水培法栽培大麦苗;富集硒的方法分别为浸麦富硒法、出苗后富硒法以及全程富硒法;透析袋法分离有机与无机硒;原子荧光光谱法测定富硒大麦苗中的硒含量。结果：浸麦富硒时,当亚硒酸钠浓度低于50mg／L时大麦苗生长旺盛,麦苗出率与生长曲线均高于空白对照组;出苗后富硒,亚硒酸钠为30mg／L时,其生长曲线高于空白对照组,其富硒量最高;全程富硒时,大麦苗出芽率,麦苗出率低,且生长迟缓。结论：出苗后富硒,当亚硒酸钠浓度为30mg／L时,大麦苗生长快,且富硒量最高,全硒含量是空白对照组的4．97倍,有机硒含量是空白对照的8．05倍。此为本实验中最佳富硒方法与最佳富硒浓度。     

富硒碎米荠不同提取物抗氧化性能研究

为进一步开发利用恩施堇叶碎米荠,通过比较测定3种碎米荠提取物:碎米荠碱提物(CE)、碎米荠富硒蛋白(SPR)和碎米荠富硒多肽(SPI)对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(OH·)、2'-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸自由基(ABTS+·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)的清除能力,考察3种富硒碎米荠提取物的体外抗氧化性能,并与富硒酵母(SY)、无机硒(IS)和非富硒多肽与无机硒混合物(SPIS)进行比较。结果表明:SPI清除4种自由基能力最强,其对DPPH·、OH·、ABTS~+·和O_2~-·的清除率分别为87.5%,50.3%,99.7%,45.7%,IS清除4种自由基能力最弱,均不超过14%。通过比较SPR、SPI、CE、SY、IS和SPIS对4种自由基的清除率及半抑制浓度(IC_(50)),发现有机硒清除自由基的能力强于无机硒。     

云南省常见新鲜野生食用菌中硒含量调查

目的 调查云南省常见新鲜野生食用菌中硒含量水平。方法 收集云南省9个州市常见新鲜野生食用菌共计26个品种189件, 按照GB 5009.93-2017 《食品安全国家标准 食品中硒的测定》中原子荧光光谱法测定所采集的新鲜野生食用菌中的硒含量。结果 189件新鲜野生食用菌中有188件样品中检出硒, 检出率为99.5%, 硒含量范围为0.5~2670 μg/100 g, 平均值为126.0 μg/100 g, 中位值为35.0 μg/100 g, 其中硒含量最高的是昆明的干巴菌, 为2670 μg/100 g。结论 本研究为云南省常见新鲜野生食用菌中硒含量评价提供基础数据。     

不同梯度有机硒饲粮对羔羊肉及内脏组织硒沉积的影响

采用随机区组设计,选择滩羊与小尾寒羊杂交羔羊64 只,随机分为4 组,分别制备有机硒含量0.14（1组）、0.96（2组）、1.41（3组）、1.92 mg/d（4组）的饲粮。正式期60 d,每隔10 d随机选择参试羔羊2 只屠宰后,采集其代表性肌肉及内脏样品进行硒含量分析。结果表明：不同梯度有机硒添加量及日龄对羔羊肌肉及其内脏组织硒沉积量有显著影响,各实验组分别饲喂其有机硒添加剂日粮10 d,羔羊背肌、股肌及其内脏组织硒沉积量即可达到DB 61/T 556—2012《富硒食品与其相关产品硒含量标准》的标准;实验2组、3组和4组分别饲喂其有机硒日粮20～30 d,羔羊背肌和股肌硒沉积量即可达到DBS 42/002—2014《富有机硒食品硒含量要求》的标准。     

Mechanisms of the Cytotoxic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Different Human Cancer Cell Lines

In recent decades, studies on the functional features of Se nanoparticles (SeNP) have gained great popularity due to their high biocompatibility, stability, and pronounced selectivity. A large number of works prove the anticarcinogenic effect of SeNP. In this work, the molecular mechanisms regulating the cytotoxic effects of SeNP, obtained by laser ablation, were studied by the example of four human cancer cell lines: A-172 (glioblastoma), Caco-2, (colorectal adenocarcinoma), DU-145 (prostate carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma). It was found that SeNP had different concentration-dependent effects on cancer cells of the four studied human lines. SeNP at concentrations of less than 1 μg/mL had no cytotoxic effect on the studied cancer cells, with the exception of the A-172 cell line, for which 0.5 μg/mL SeNP was the minimum concentration affecting its metabolic activity. It was shown that SeNP concentration-dependently caused cancer cell apoptosis, but not necrosis. In addition, it was found that SeNP enhanced the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in almost all cancer cell lines, with the exception of Caco-2 and activated various pathways of adaptive and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways of UPR. Different effects of SeNP on the expression of ER-resident selenoproteins and selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, depending on the cell line, were established. In addition, SeNP triggered Ca²⁺ signals in all investigated cancer cell lines. Different sensitivity of cancer cell lines to SeNP can determine the induction of the process of apoptosis in them through regulation of the Ca²⁺ signaling system, mechanisms of ER stress, and activation of various expression patterns of genes encoding pro-apoptotic proteins.