EM复合菌群产絮凝剂的絮凝性能

EM复合菌群产絮凝剂的絮凝特性的研究结果表明，其对高岭土悬浮液絮凝率可达90％。通过添加适当助剂可将絮凝率提高至98％，而且pH值2-12范围内，絮凝率均可达到92％以上，而且具备良好的热稳定性。对多种实际污废水的絮凝率达85％-96％，进一步证明该絮凝剂有较宽的适用性。并经初步鉴别为酸性多糖物质。     

榛蘑粗多糖提取工艺的研究

对榛蘑中可溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和L9(33)正交试验,研究了料液比、温度、时间对多糖提取率的影响,结果显示温度和料液比是影响多糖提取率的主要因素,最佳工艺为料液比1∶25,温度100°C,时间4h,在最佳提取工艺时,榛蘑的多糖提取率为4.37%。对常用的醇析方法进行改进,在传统Sevag法除蛋白的基础上采用Sevag法结合酶法除蛋白,大大缩短了除蛋白时间,又用改良的蒽酮—硫酸法测定多糖含量。     

Carbon supported Ru–Se as methanol tolerant catalysts for DMFC cathodes. Part I: preparation and characterization of catalysts

Carbon supported Ru _x Se _y O _z catalysts were prepared from Ru₃(CO)₁₂ and RuCl₃ · xH₂O as ruthenium precursors and H₂SeO₃ and SeCl₄ as the selenium sources. Highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) were obtained via a multi-step preparation procedure consisting of a CO₂-activation of the carbon support prior to the preparation of a highly disperse Ru particles catalyst powder that is subsequently modified by Se. Ultimately, an excess of Se was removed during a final thermal annealing step at 800 °C under forming gas atmosphere. The morphology of the catalysts was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which shows that the catalysts consist of crystalline Ru-particles with sizes ranging from 2 to 4 nm exhibiting a good dispersion over the carbonaceous support. The corresponding catalytic activity in the process of oxygen reduction was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements. The nature of the carbon support used for the preparation of RuSe cathode catalysts is of significant importance for the activity of the final materials. Catalysts supported on CO₂-activated Black Pearls 2000 gave the highest ORR-activity. Se stabilizes the Ru-particles against bulk oxidation and actively contributes to the catalytic activity. An exceptional property of the carbon supported Ru-particles modified with Se is their resistance to coalescence up to temperatures of 800 °C under inert or reducing conditions. Additional effects of Se-modification are the enhanced stability towards electrochemical oxidation of Ru and a lowering of the H₂O₂ formation in the ORR.     

An investigation of the flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide‐grafted chitosan

To investigate the flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide (PAM)‐grafted chitosan, a series of PAM‐grafted chitosan copolymer (Chito‐g‐PAM1 to Chito‐g‐PAM4) have been synthesized by ceric ammonium nitrate‐induced solution polymerization technique in nitrogen atmosphere. The flocculation characteristics of the polymer samples (PAM, grafted and ungrafted chitosan) were studied by settling test and jar test methods in the colloidal suspensions of kaolin, iron ore, silica, and bentonite powder. It was found that the settling performance of Chito‐g‐PAM3 is best among the polymer samples. The jar test results indicate that the ungrafted chitosan has better water clarifying performance than both the PAM and grafted chitosan. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

无铅易切削硒铋黄铜的研究

介绍了无铅易切削硒铋黄铜的制备工艺，于中频感应炉中制备了无铅易切削硒铋黄铜铸锭，并对其组织和力学性能以及抗腐蚀性进行了测定。结果表明，铋以铜铋中间合金形式在1200℃加入时，铋均匀分布在铜合金中。该工艺制备的无铅易切削硒铋黄铜具有较HPb59-1好的力学性能、机加工性能和抗脱锌腐蚀性能。通过物相与组织形貌分析，解释了铋改善铜合金切削性能的机理。     

红松松子壳多糖的单糖组成及结构初步分析

采用膜分离技术对红松松子壳热水提取物进行分离纯化,经脱蛋白、脱色后得到总多糖PPSPⅠ-b,通过DEAE-52离子交换纤维素柱层析分离得到纯化组分PPSPⅠ-1,采用气相色谱和红外光谱分析了多糖样品的单糖组成及结构特征。气相色谱分析表明:PPSPⅠ-b主要由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比为3.40∶1.40∶0.79∶7.82∶10.67∶18.35;PPSPⅠ-1主要由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比为0.96∶2.30∶2.97∶10.60∶6.91。红外光谱分析表明,PPSPⅠ-1具有多糖的特征吸收峰。     

水泥窑协同处置固废中硒元素的测定方法探讨

本文使用原子荧光光谱仪对水泥窑协同处置固废中的硒元素进行了测定方法开发工作。方法中采用了倒王水沸水浴对固体废弃物进行消解溶样,以10%盐酸作为载流液,0.4%氢氧化钾和1.2%硼氢化钾作为还原剂,铁氰化钾作为掩蔽剂,以消除各种离子的干扰。优化了原子荧光光谱仪的测定条件,对标准样品和固废样品进行了检测。方法检出限为0.04μg/L,相对标准偏差为3.0%~10.1%。固废和污泥中加标回收率为82.8%~102.5%。     

超滤在多糖中的应用研究

超滤广泛应用于多糖分离、浓缩、纯化的研究中.介绍了超滤在多糖提取、浓缩中的应用,并对其发展提出了建议.     

高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法测定W135群和Y群脑膜炎球菌多糖中半乳糖和葡萄糖含量

目的采用高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法(High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsedamperometric detection,HPAEC-PAD)测定W135群和Y群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖中半乳糖和葡萄糖的含量,并对该方法进行验证及初步应用。方法多糖蛋白结合物原液的混合液经HCl水解处理后,进样CarboPac PA10柱,以氢氧化钠-醋酸钠梯度流洗,脉冲积分安培检测器检测。筛选样品的水解条件;对HPAEC-PAD法进行专属性、精密性及准确性验证,并进行初步应用。结果确定的样品水解条件为以2 mol/L HCl于85℃处理1 h。载体蛋白破伤风类毒素对检测结果无干扰;重复性、日内精密性和不同操作者之间精密性试验结果的RSD均小于5%;准确性试验中葡萄糖和半乳糖的回收率在90%～110%之间。HPAEC-PAD法测定多糖蛋白结合物原液的多糖含量与传统间苯二酚比色法测定结果相当;成品疫苗中的W135群和Y群多糖含量测定结果符合《A、C、W135、Y群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗制造及检定规程草案》的规定(均≥4μg/剂)。结论 HPAEC-PAD法专属性、精密性和准确性良好,可用于A、C、W135、Y群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗中W135群和Y群多糖含量的测定。     

硒粉催化法快速测定污泥中的蛋白质含量

以污水处理厂的剩余污泥为研究对象,采用硒粉催化法测定其中的蛋白质含量,探讨了样品消化时间、硒粉用量、K2SO4用量对消化反应的影响,并将该方法与凯氏定氮法作了对比。结果表明:污泥样品的最佳消化时间为1h,硒粉的最佳用量为0.15g,K2SO4为3g。该法与凯氏定氮法相比,具有快速、方便、可靠和准确等优点,可用于污泥中蛋白质的快速测定。