一种使用视觉反馈与行为记忆的蚁群优化算法

在分析现有改进算法的基础上,结合视知觉及认知心理学的相关理论,提出一种具备视觉反馈与行为记忆学习能力的新型蚁群算法:首先,建立视觉模型使得蚂蚁能够通过人工视觉感知周围目标城市的分布,用视知觉修正信息素噪声,提高蚂蚁探索质量;其次,建立行为记忆学习模型,使蚂蚁能够从已经走过的局部最优路径中提取经验来指导周游活动,加快算法收敛速度并强化寻优能力.经过与传统改进策略比较发现,新算法在求解质量与求解时间上均有明显改进.     

Structured Reactive Controllers

Service robots, such as autonomous office couriers or robot tourguides, must be both reliable and efficient. This requires them to flexibly interleave their tasks, exploit opportunities, quickly plan their course of action, and, if necessary, revise their intended activities. In this paper, we show how structured reactive controllers (SRCs) satisfy these requirements. The novel feature of SRCs is that they employ and reason about plans that specify and synchronize concurrent percept-driven behavior. Powerful control abstractions enable SRCs to integrate physical action, perception, planning, and communication in a uniform framework and to apply fast but imperfect computational methods without sacrificing reliability and flexibility. Concurrent plans are represented in a transparent and modular form so that automatic planning processes can reason about the plans and revise them. We present experiments in which SRCs are used to control two autonomous mobile robots. In one of them an SRC controlled the course of action of a museum tourguide robot that has operated for thirteen days, more than ninetyfour hours, completed 620 tours, and presented 2668 exhibits.     

多媒体虚拟现实——网络品牌店感知体验设计

随着新媒体、新技术的不断涌现,网络品牌店正在经历着从视听传达到多感官全面体验的升级。网络品牌利用色彩、声音、质感甚至气味等感性元素,模拟并且再造实体品牌店,使得网络品牌更具娱乐性、交互性,更加人性化、情感化。     

基于知觉加工模式的发展式分词算法

分词是自然语言理解的一个重要过程,由于语言问题又是最重要的心理学问题之一,所以从认知心理学和发展心理学的观点出发,将分词问题看成是知觉问题在语言信息处理过程中的一部分,把知觉表达和知觉的双向加工过程引入对分词问题的分析,并同时考虑言语发展的心理过程,把对言语发展规律的归纳作为构造学习算法的基础和模板,以进化的方式来逐步改进自然语言理解系统的性能,从而避免知识获取瓶颈在自然语言理解问题中的出现。     

Accident history,risk perception and traffic safe behaviour

Abstract

This study clarifies the associations between accident history, perception of the riskiness of road travel and traffic safety behaviours by taking into account the number and severity of accidents experienced. A sample of 525 road users in Cameroon answered a questionnaire comprising items on perception of risk, safe behaviour and personal accident history. Participants who reported involvement in more than three accidents or involvement in a severe accident perceived road travel as less risky and also reported behaving less safely compared with those involved in fewer, or less severe accidents. The results have practical implications for the prevention of traffic accidents.

Practitioner Summary: The associations between accident history, perceived risk of road travel and safe behaviour were investigated using self-report questionnaire data. Participants involved in more than three accidents, or in severe accidents, perceived road travel as less risky and also reported more unsafe behaviour compared with those involved in fewer, or less severe accidents. Campaigns targeting people with a less serious, less extensive accident history should aim to increase awareness of hazards and the potential severity of their consequences, as well as emphasising how easy it is to take the recommended preventive actions. Campaigns targeting those involved in more frequent accidents, and survivors of serious accidents, should address feelings of invulnerability and helplessness.     

Surface exploration using laparoscopic surgical instruments: The perception of surface roughness

During laparoscopic surgery video images are used to guide the movements of the hand and instruments, and objects in the operating field often obscure these images. Thus, surgeons often rely heavily on tactile information (sense of touch) to help guide their movements. It is important to understand how tactile perception is affected when using laparoscopic instruments, since many surgical judgements are based on how a tissue ‘feels’ to the surgeon, particularly in situations where visual inputs are degraded. Twelve naïve participants used either their index finger or a laparoscopic instrument to explore sandpaper surfaces of various grits (60, 100, 150 and 220). These movements were generated with either vision or no vision. Participants were asked to estimate the roughness of the surfaces they explored. The normal and tangential forces of either the finger or instrument on the sandpaper surfaces were measured. Results showed that participants were able to judge the roughness of the sandpaper surfaces when using both the finger and the instrument. However, post hoc comparisons showed that perceptual judgements of surface texture were altered in the no vision condition compared to the vision condition. This was also the case when using the instrument, compared to the judgements provided when exploring with the finger. This highlights the importance of the completeness of the video images during laparoscopic surgery. More normal and tangential force was used when exploring the surfaces with the finger as opposed to the instrument. This was probably an attempt to increase the contact area of the fingertip to maximize tactile input. With the instrument, texture was probably sensed through vibrations of the instrument in the hand. Applications of the findings lie in the field of laparoscopic surgery simulation techniques and tactile perception.     

基于物联网技术的智慧水利系统

本系统以解决水利信息资源不足和共享困难等问题为突破口,以增强信息深加工能力和提供高水平应用服务为主攻方向,充分利用MSTP、3G、3S以及云计算等信息技术,提出了基于物联网技术的智慧水利概念。为实现"系统融合,资源共享"的目标,全面提高水利工程运用与管理的效益,加快水利信息化建设,提供了一套整体解决方案。     

Pain and dissociation in the cold pressor test: A study of hypnotic analgesia with "hidden reports" through automatic key pressing and automatic talking.

To test whether pain blocked by hypnotic analgesia may still be perceived at some level, 20 highly hypnotizable undergraduates participated in an experiment involving cold pressor pain in the normal condition and in hypnotically suggested analgesia. 3 reports were obtained reflecting felt pain within the hypnotic analgesia condition: the usual verbal report on a numerical scale, a manual report by "automatic key pressing," and a retrospective verbal report through "automatic talking." 9 Ss who were amnesic for both keypressing and automatic talking reported more pain in the automatic (hidden) reports than in their usual verbal reports. 8 of these 9, following release of amnesia, had a clear perception of 2 levels of awareness of the pain: the usual hypnotic experience of pain attenuated by analgesia suggestions, and a knowledge at another level of a more severe pain. In no case, however, did an S give a retrospective report of normal suffering at this "hidden" level. The hypnotically analgesic S may have reported no pain verbally because he was amnesic for it; when amnesia was removed he recalled the sensory pain, but without a suffering component, because suffering apparently did not occur. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituaries: Leo Joseph Postman (1918-2004).

Presents the obituary of Leo Joseph Postman, one of the most prolific psychologists of the last century. With over 250 publications to his credit, Postman died on April 22, 2004, of heart failure in Marblehead, Massachusetts, at the age of 85. His life and career accomplishments are discussed. Postman is best known for his interests in perception, serial learning, memory, and interference theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)