基于红外光学原理的便携式甲烷报警仪

提出了基于红外光学原理的便携式甲烷报警仪的设计方案,详细介绍了报警仪的硬件电路设计、软件设计、光学气室结构、外形结构设计及标定技术。该报警仪采用红外光源、高精度干涉滤光片一体化热释电探测器和单光束双波长技术,配合镀金膜气室实现对CH4等气体的实时检测,具有不易老化、响应快、灵敏度好、性能稳定、抗干扰能力强等优点。     

便携式光离子化有害气体检测仪的设计

针对室内空气污染源的多样性与传统气体检测器检测种类的单一性的矛盾,设计了一种能够同时检测多种气体的新型便携式光离子化气体检测仪.该检测仪采用了MEMS结构的离子化室和混合信号级微处理器C8051F040,减小了仪器体积,降低了仪器功耗.利用单片机控制电流跨导增益的方法,实现了仪器的双量程数据采集功能,保证了仪器在两个量...     

A Chamber for Testing the Release of Volatile Substances Secreted by Animals,Especially Mammals,as Exemplified by Substances Released by Rats in Response to Stress

Abstract

The success of the testing of volatile organic compounds emitted by animals is dependent on the creation of appropriate conditions for air sampling subsequently used to assay and identify the compounds. These conditions play a particularly important role in the investigation of pheromones, which are secreted in extremely low concentrations. The authors have not come across any previous work which offers constructional solutions, which would allow avoidance of contamination of the air samples containing volatile substances secreted by animals.

A constructional solution was developed, which provides optimal conditions for their sampling and isolation. Its main advantages are as follows: the exposure chamber (the chamber in which the animal is studied) is filled with synthetic air; the exposure chamber is separated from the atmospheric air with a synthetic air “jacket”; the exposure chamber has been constructed using materials which do not release chemicals and absorb them in trace quantities.     

高压水射流技术在向家坝深井泵房排水管道清洗中的应用

向家坝水电站左岸深井泵房内的4条排水管道负责清排大坝注浆过程中的施工用水、消力池渗水、混凝土冷却水等.临近大坝蓄水、首批机组发电,排水管道部分阻塞,无法达到设计排水要求,给大坝蓄水造成了安全隐患.通过分析管道堵塞原因,提出了利用高压水射流技术清洗疏通排水管道的施工工艺,实践表明,向家坝水电站深井泵房排水管道清洗方案安全可靠,效果明显.     

T型连接井交汇水流数值模拟

A numerical simulation is made on Wangqingtuo T-junction Chamber, the confluence in the downstream junction chamber without outlet is analyzed, and then the impact of the direction of the inflow from reservoir on the flow pattern in the downstream triple-hole box culvert and the position of the full-uniform flow through the downstream cross-section is estimated as well. The study result can provide a reference for the similar project concerned.     

基于CFD的新型结构静压油垫数值仿真技术

为了提高重载数控机床静压转台的承载能力和油膜刚度,提出了一种具有多环形流道油腔和阻尼型封油边结构的新型静压油垫,并对其性能进行了研究.在对静压油垫结构优化设计的基础上,利用CFD(computationalfluid dynamics)数值仿真技术,采用二维轴对称流动模型对新型结构静压油垫的流场特性进行了仿真分析,得到了新型静压油垫的内部流场特性,计算出油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度,并与单腔体、单平面封油边结构的静压油垫进行了对比.研究表明:新型静压油垫能通过在阻尼流道和阻尼槽内形成紊流,增加流动液阻,实现压力增益,并可在阻尼槽处产生局部静压效应,从而使新型结构静压油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度较传统结构静压油垫有所提高;此外,采用CFD技术有助于对复杂结构的静压油垫进行优化设计与性能计算,从而提高设计效率和计算准确性.     

轴承腔两相流动流型特征参数及鲁棒性分析

航空发动机轴承腔的润滑设计和换热分析依赖于对轴承腔中润滑介质两相流动特性的理解,依据流型进行轴承腔油气两相介质流动研究是获取流动特性的有效途径。针对通过试验判断油气两相介质流动形式的需要,结合数值分析和试验数据,在辨识能力和试验获取等方面的考虑前提下,提出了辨识航空发动机轴承腔中均相流动与含油滴气/液分层流动两种主要油气两相流型的特征参数——体积含油率和无量纲速度,探讨了两个特征参数在较宽工况范围内保持流型辨识能力的鲁棒性。研究工作对于借助于试验判断油气两相流型,从而可以在严谨理论指导下基于流型进行航空发动机轴承腔润滑介质两相流动特性分析,实现准确高效的润滑设计和换热分析的设计路线实施是很有意义的工作。     

救生舱舱门空气幕系统优化设计与试验分析

为采用空气幕阻隔矿用救生舱舱外有害气体,利用数值模拟技术建立了二维舱门空气幕模型,通过对不同的空气幕喷口宽度、送风角度及送风速度下的气幕流场进行分析,对有限气源下空气幕系统进行优化设计,通过试验和数值模拟分析,验证了有限气源下空气幕系统设计的合理性.该研究成果已成功应用于"KJYY-12/96"型矿用紧急救生舱.     

Performance of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Electricity Generation by Different Configuration Microbial Fuel Cells

This paper compared the degradation efficiency of sludge organic matters and electric-production by two typical microbial fuel cells——dual-chamber microbial fuel cell(DMFC)and single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell(SAMFC),and the variations of sludge protein,polysaccharide and ammonia nitrogen within the systems were also investigated.The results showed that the concentration of sludge soluble chemical oxygen demand,protein and carbohydrate of DMFC are higher than these of SAMFC during the systems operation,while DMFC can achieve a better ammonia nitrogen removal than SAMFC.Under the same operation condition,the stable voltage output of DMFC and SAMFC is 0.61 V and 0.37 V;the maximum power density of DMFC and SAMFC is 2.79 W/m3and 1.25 W/m3;TCOD removal efficiency of DMFC and SAMFC is 34.14%and 28.63%for 12 d,respectively.Meanwhile,DMFC has a higher coulomb efficiency than SAMFC,but both are less than5%.The results showed that DMFC present a better performance on sludge degradation and electric-production.     

承压式溢流井淤积实验研究

为研究承压式溢流井的淤积规律,通过模型实验实测了井底面速度分布,并据此计算出相应的床面切应力。根据相似准则进行泥沙沉积实验,得到不同工况下的泥沙沉积分布。结果显示,溢流井内流场在恒定流工况时由一对大致对称的椭圆形涡流组成,而且涡流周围区域的紊动能及切应力均较大,其冲刷力亦较强,泥沙难以沉积下来。涡流中心和四周角落区域的切应力及冲刷力较小,有大量泥沙沉积。分析比较泥沙沉积位置与切应力分布,即可估计出模型沙的临界切应力值为0.05～0.07N/m2。