一种新型抗氧化五肽的纯化、鉴定与表征

以黑鲨鱼皮为原料,利用蛋白酶酶解制备和分离纯化抗氧化多肽,并探究其抗氧化机理。以1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率为主要指标,以水解度为辅助指标,优化酶解工艺条件。通过反相高效液相色谱和电喷雾四极杆飞行时间质谱分离纯化和鉴定氨基酸序列并探究其体外抗氧化活性。结果显示,最佳水解蛋白酶为碱性蛋白酶,最优酶解工艺为pH 8.0、酶添加量311 U/mL、底物质量分数3%、酶解温度45 ℃、酶解时间4.9 h,所得的酶解液DPPH自由基清除率为77.61%,水解度为14.21%。经反相高效液相色谱分离,得到组分F19的DPPH自由基清除能力最强。经鉴定,选择抗氧化活性高的总离子流色谱峰（保留时间为10.02 min左右）进行一级质谱和二级质谱分析,获得纯化的新型抗氧化五肽,其分子质量为461 Da,氨基酸序列结构为Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met,其DPPH自由基清除率为75.01%（1.0 mg/mL）,氧自由基吸收能力（以Trolox当量计）为2490.01 μmol/g。新型五肽的Pro和Met在抗氧化中起到关键性作用。本研究为黑鲨鱼皮抗氧化五肽的抗氧化机理及其构效关系提供了一定理论依据。     

近期城市公共空间的转变与购物中心的变化

从公共空间的公共性角度探讨了购物中心与城市环境之间的关系,阐述了在城市中的购物中心并没有改善民众对公共空间的向往和需求,指出在设计中要加强这种特定空间的公共性研究,从根本上实现自由化的公共空间.     

Influence of moving heat source on skin tissue in the context of two-temperature memory-dependent heat transport law

Abstract

Modeling and understanding heat transport and temperature variations within biological tissues and body organs are key issues in medical thermal therapeutic applications, such as hyperthermia cancer treatment. In the present analysis, the bioheat equation is studied in the context of memory responses. The heat transport equation for this problem involving the memory-dependent derivative (MDD) on a slipping interval in the context of three-phase (3P) lag model under two-temperature theory is formulated and is then used to study the thermal damage within the skin tissue during the thermal therapy. Laplace transform technique is implemented to solve the governing equations. The influences of the MDD and moving heat source velocity on the temperature of skin tissues are precisely investigated. The numerical inversion of the Laplace transform is carried out using Zakian method. The numerical outcomes of temperatures are represented graphically. Excellent predictive capability is demonstrated for identification of an appropriate procedure to select different kernel functions to reach effective heating in hyperthermia treatment. Significant effect of thermal therapy is reported due to the effect of delay time and the velocity of moving heat source as well.     

上海钻孔桩桩侧摩阻力的异化效应及分析

系统分析了上海地区钻孔桩测试资料的摩阻力实测值与规范建议值之比γ随土的状态、埋深的变化规律,并将钻孔桩摩阻力与土性参数之间存在的背离趋势分为负异化效应和正异化效应,提出异化效应是反映钻孔桩施工技术与工艺水平的度量指标。严重负异化效应出现在深埋状态好的地层表明,上海原土造浆正循环钻进施工方法在发挥深层好土的固有优势与潜力存在较严重的缺陷,并从钻孔泥浆作用和泥浆施工工艺进行了具体的分析;正异化效应出现在上海浅埋淤泥质黏性土层则说明,上海钻孔桩施工方法的某些特殊工艺具有能够充分发挥这些土层摩阻力性状的特点,并从灌注混凝土的特殊施工工艺进行了具体的分析。     

Effect of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide purified from skate skin hydrolysate

Our objective was to evaluate the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of skate skin protein hydrolysates and its corresponding fractions. The skate skin hydrolysates were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase, α-chymotrypsin, neutrase, pepsin, papain, and trypsin. Amongst the six hydrolysates, the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate had the highest ACE inhibitory activity compared to other hydrolysates. The amino acid sequences of the purified peptides were identified to be Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu–Gly–Leu–Thr–Gly–Pro (975.38 Da), and Gln–Leu–Gly–Phe–Leu–Gly–Pro–Arg (874.45 Da). The purified peptides from skate skin had an IC₅₀ value of 95 μM and 148 μM, respectively, and the Lineweaver–Burk plots suggest that they act as a non-competitive inhibitor against ACE. Our study suggested that novel ACE inhibitory peptides derived from skate skin protein may be beneficial as anti-hypertension compounds in functional foods.     

Self-Assembling Properties and Recovery Effects on Damaged Skin Cells of Chemically Synthesized Mannosylerythritol Lipids

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which are one of the representative sugar-based biosurfactants (BSs) produced by microorganisms, have attracted much attention in various fields in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) era. However, they are inseparable mixtures with respect to the chain length of the fatty acids. In this study, self-assembling properties and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of recovery effects on damaged skin cells using chemically synthesized MELs were investigated. It was revealed, for the first time, that synthetic and homogeneous MELs exhibited significant self-assembling properties to form droplets or giant vesicles. In addition, a small difference in the length of the fatty acid chains of the MELs significantly affected their recovery effects on the damaged skin cells. MELs with medium or longer length alkyl chains exhibited much higher recovery effects than that of C18-ceramide NP.     

基于微生物灭活芽孢的矿冶粉尘清洁皂的制备及性能研究

矿冶粉尘给一线工人皮肤健康带来严重威胁。通过添加微生物灭活芽孢于清洁皂中,研究了不同芽孢添加量对清洁皂去污能力的影响,对比了硅藻土、活性炭和芽孢添加皂在粉尘去污和重金属去除方面的异同,并通过感官评价测试了三种皂在皮肤清洁方面的效果。结果表明,添加硅藻土可以达到80%的粉尘去除率。而活性炭尽管比表面积高,但微粒细小同样易于吸附于手掌纹理中,造成二次污染,故去除率最低。在基础皂中添加1%(w/w)灭活芽孢对粉尘污染的去污率达到了95%,二次洗涤可将重金属去除率从90%提高到95%以上。感官评价中,黑色活性炭的吸附作用造成了清洗后的手掌依然不够干净,观感最差;硅藻土皂的清洁效果接近日常家用皂,观感居中;而芽孢皂的清洁效果最明显,观感最佳。     

Nacre-Inspired,Liquid Metal-Based Ultrasensitive Electronic Skin by Spatially Regulated Cracking Strategy

The realization of liquid metal-based wearable systems will be a milestone toward high-performance, integrated electronic skin. However, despite the revolutionary progress achieved in many other components of electronic skin, liquid metal-based flexible sensors still suffer from poor sensitivity due to the insufficient resistance change of liquid metal to deformation. Herein, a nacre-inspired architecture composed of a biphasic pattern (liquid metal with Cr/Cu underlayer) as “bricks” and strain-sensitive Ag film as “mortar” is developed, which breaks the long-standing sensitivity bottleneck of liquid metal-based electronic skin. With 2 orders of magnitude of sensitivity amplification while maintaining wide (>85%) working range, for the first time, liquid metal-based strain sensors rival the state-of-art counterparts. This liquid metal composite features spatially regulated cracking behavior. On the one hand, hard Cr cells locally modulate the strain distribution, which avoids premature cut-through cracks and prolongs the defect propagation in the adjacent Ag film. On the other hand, the separated liquid metal cells prevent unfavorable continuous liquid-metal paths and create crack-free regions during strain. Demonstrated in diverse scenarios, the proposed design concept may spark more applications of ultrasensitive liquid metal-based electronic skins, and reveals a pathway for sensor development via crack engineering.     

Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Concepts and Advances

Melanoma develops from malignant transformations of the pigment-producing melanocytes. If located in the basal layer of the skin epidermis, melanoma is referred to as cutaneous, which is more frequent. However, as melanocytes are be found in the eyes, ears, gastrointestinal tract, genitalia, urinary system, and meninges, cases of mucosal melanoma or other types (e.g., ocular) may occur. The incidence and morbidity of cutaneous melanoma (cM) are constantly increasing worldwide. Australia and New Zealand are world leaders in this regard with a morbidity rate of 54/100,000 and a mortality rate of 5.6/100,000 for 2015. The aim of this review is to consolidate and present the data related to the aetiology and pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, thus rendering them easier to understand. In this article we will discuss these problems and the possible impacts on treatment for this disease.