Factors influencing magnetic polymer microspheres prepared by dispersion polymerization

Magnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) was prepared by a coprecipitation method. Core–shell composite magnetic polymer microspheres with carboxyl groups were synthesized by the dispersion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid in the presence of magnetic oxide, and dibenzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator. The synthesized magnetic polymer microspheres were characterized with X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and so forth. The results indicated that the product was single‐phase Fe₃O₄, and its average size was about 10 nm. The configuration of the microspheres, which contained carboxyl groups, was spherical, and the average size was about 2 μm. The results of vibrating sample magnetometry tests showed that the magnetic powders produced by different surfactants had different saturation magnetizations. When poly(ethylene glycol) with a weight‐average molecular weight of 4000 was used as a surfactant, the saturation magnetization of the samples reached 69.2 emu/g. The factors that affected the shape, magnetism, size, and distribution of the microspheres were also studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

薄壁压力容器筒体纵焊缝角变形对应力的影响

提出压力容器简体纵焊缝产生角变形的模型。用简明的解析方法和有限元方法,探讨由变形引起的应力集中系数K_(ta)。结果表明,利用应力集中系数估算焊缝棱角对应力的影响是较合实际的,其公式为:K_(ta)=1+6E/S,式中E为棱角度,S为筒体壁厚。     

悬臂梁不同单元类型计算误差分析

为了研究悬臂梁用不同单元类型计算应力结果与真实测量值的误差和该误差产生的影响因素。首先,用ABAQUS有限元软件对悬臂梁结构进行壳单元建模和实体单元建模,分别计算出Mises应力值,再用经典材料力学方法计算出相同情况下悬臂梁Mises应力值,然后用电阻应变测试法计算出悬臂梁的真实应力值,计算出各种应力计算方法相对于真实测量值的误差。最后,分别计算不同厚度悬臂梁,用壳单元和实体单元分别计算出的Mises应力值,将实体单元计算应力值代替真实测量应力值,得到壳单元计算结果相对于实体单元计算结果的相对误差。研究结果表明,悬臂梁用实体单元计算出的Mises应力值相对于壳单元更加接近于真实测量值。随着悬臂梁厚度的增加,壳单元计算结果的精度越来越小。对于同一厚度的悬臂梁,不同位置处壳单元计算应力值对于真实值的相对误差近似为一常数。     

椭球形网壳结构静动力分析

大型的网壳结构具有受力合理、重量轻、造价低而且造型优美、形式新颖活泼等特点,成为近年来发展最快的结构形式之一。本文以某工程为例,使用ANSYS软件,结合时程分析法,对椭球形双层网壳结构进行动力分析,得到杆单元的轴力时程曲线。通过比较杆单元在不同方向的地震作用下的轴力时程曲线,分析网壳结构在地震作用下的内力规律,为今后的抗震分析设计提供依据。     

隔振支座对大跨度网壳的振动控制分析

本文通过建立了橡胶隔振支座与设置隔振支座的网壳结构的力学模型,研究了隔震支座控制下,大跨度空间单层柱面网壳结构在地震作用下振动响应,结果表明:隔震支座对结构的振动可以起到良好的控制作用,但地震强度对隔震支座耗能能力影响较大,在最大水平行程内,地震强度越大,耗能能力越强;在不同地震波作用下,隔振网壳结构体系的振动控制效果有所不同,其中:EL Centro波作用的结构被动控制效果最佳。     

某主减速器壳体强度与刚度的研究及优化

主减速器壳体是汽车驱动桥减速器重要的零部件之一,需要一定的壳体强度和刚度。通过对两种不同强度的主减速器的实际测量,找出其中在结构上影响主减速器壳体刚度的因素,提出改进方案。通过UG软件建立相关3D模型,用HyperMesh软件对比分析改进前后的主减速器壳体,为提高主减速器壳体强度提供了一种新的方法。     

原位聚合法制备香精微胶囊的工艺优化研究

以低甲醚化蜜胺树脂为壁材,香精为芯材,采用原位聚合法制备了一系列香精微胶囊．通过对所制备的香精微胶囊进行显微观察、粒度分析、包裹率测试和稳定性考察,研究了工艺条件的影响,并对香精微胶囊的多层造壁效果进行了分析．结果表明,在搅拌速度为600r／min,壁材预聚体滴加时间为30min,50min缓慢升温至75℃保温固化的条件下所得到的香精微胶囊包覆效果良好,产品乳液稳定;双层壁材香精微胶囊的粒径分布最窄,而三层壁材的香精微胶囊具有最高的热稳定性,包裹率可达92．26％．     

直接式污水源热泵蒸发器、冷凝器污垢生长测试研究

直接式污水源热泵是用污水作冷热源直接进入热泵机组蒸发器、冷凝器进行换热的系统形式,相对于使用中间换热器的间接式污水源热泵来说,减少了换热损失,但其污垢的生长严重影响了机组的性能.以西安某污水处理厂直接式污水源热泵为研究对象,该系统以城镇二级出水为冷热源,在机组换热器清理维护后对其进行了供暖、供冷两个工况的连续测试.结果表明由于流动形式和温度条件的不同,蒸发器和冷凝器内污垢的生长规律有所不同,作者测试计算得到了二者传热系数随着污垢生长的衰减特性,拟合出了污垢的生长预测模型,可为污水源热泵系统的设计和应用提供参考.     

提高锅壳燃气锅炉热效率的途径

随着国家对环境保护要求的重视,锅壳燃气锅炉以其环保性能突出的优点被广泛地应用.但是,目前燃气锅炉排烟温度普遍偏高(一般在180℃以上),造成很大的能源浪费已成为亟待解决的问题.本文对提高WNS型燃气锅炉利用冷凝器和预热器降低排烟温度,提高热效率作了初步探讨.     

Effect of special structure of clam shell powder on structure and properties of castor oil-based composites

Castor oil (CO) is an environmentally friendly renewable green resource and ideal alternative to petroleum resources. The preparation of high strength and high toughness castor oil-based polyurethane prepolymer (COPU) composites has significant applications such as supporting material and engineering plastic sheet. In this study, unmodified clam shell powder (CSP) with a unique CaCO₃-proteoglycan structure was used as a filler to prepare compatible reinforced COPU composite materials. Investigation of the mechanical properties revealed that the elastic modulus of the composite COPU reinforced with 50 wt% of CSP had increased to 5859.0 ± 8.4 MPa representing 187.77% to obtain stiffer and stronger material over pure COPU (2036.6 ± 196.9 MPa). Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and contact angle results demonstrated that the reinforced COPU composites have better compatibility, thermal stability, and water resistance than pure COPU. This work will promote the application prospects of CO-based polyurethane.