Effects of pH and Sodium Chloride on the Gelling Properties of a Protein Concentrate Obtained from Jumbo Squid Mantle (Dosidicus Gigas)

Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) is an underutilized fishery resource in the Gulf of California. Jumbo squid muscle could potentially be utilized to manufacture protein concentrates to be used as a base for surimi or as a food ingredient. However, the main problem is the low gelling ability of these protein concentrates compared those of with fish species. Consequently, the present study evaluated the effects of pH and the NaCl concentration on the gelling properties of protein concentrates from squid mantle. According to texture profile analysis, improved gelling properties were obtained at pH 6.0 and 1% of NaCl. During the sol-gel transition, decreased surface hydrophobicity that corresponded to an increased intensity of α-helix structures was detected. Moreover, the total sulfhydryl content decreased during gel formation. Viscoelasticity and water holding capacity analyses showed the formation of a more structured gel at pH 7.0. The higher enthalpy and denaturation temperature detected by differential scanning calorimetry at pH 7.0 and 1% NaCl showed that both variables (pH and NaCl concentration) affected the protein structure and conformation. The results demonstrated that varying pHs and NaCl concentrations improved the gelling properties of protein concentrates from squid.     

高酸值鱿鱼油的精制工艺分析

针对鱿鱼加工废弃物中提取的鱼油酸值高,使其应用受限这一现状,采取先酯化以降低其酸值,后脱酸、脱色、脱臭的方法对其进行精制。研究结果表明,以硫酸氢钠为催化剂酯化过程中各因素的最适条件为:醇酸物质的量比20∶1,催化剂用量8%(W/W),反应时间5h,反应温度80℃,该条件下酯化率可达90%左右。精制后鱼油酸值显著下降,澄清透明呈淡黄色,略带鱼腥味,各项理化指标均达到鱼油的SC/T3502-2000标准的精制鱼油一级要求。应用气相色谱分析精制鱼油的脂肪酸组成,其多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量达38.34%,其中C20∶5(EPA)和C22∶6(DHA)的含量分别为11.49%和22.14%。     

反相高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法分析检测鱿鱼中的生物胺

建立了水产品中多组分生物胺的反相高效液相色谱-柱后衍生-荧光检测方法。采用荧光试剂邻苯二甲醛（OPA）为柱后衍生化试剂,在Capcell Pak MG-C18色谱柱上,通过梯度洗脱使酪胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、胍丁胺、精胺和亚精胺等7种生物胺得到良好分离,在给定的浓度范围内,各组分生物胺呈现良好线性相关（R^2〉0.999）。在水产品中添加生物胺混合标准溶液,平均回收率为88.3%～110.1%,相对标准偏差RSD小于10%。结合水产品的感官鉴定、pH值和TVBN值测定等方法检测水产食品的新鲜程度,分析了鱿鱼在不同保藏温度、保藏时间下的生物胺种类及含量的变化。其中胍丁胺和尸胺在鱿鱼的保藏过程中发生最显著变化,可以作为其质量变化的参考指标。     

Postmortem biochemical behavior of giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) mantle muscle stored in ice and its relation with quality parameters

ABSTRACT:  Several freshness and spoilage indicators were monitored to characterize the postmortem biochemistry of giant squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) mantle muscle. Squid samples were obtained directly from the sea and kept at 0 °C during a 15-d storage period. Data at zero time were obtained from cryogenically frozen samples at time of capture. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) degradation followed a different pattern as compared with that from fish species. ATP was almost completely depleted at 24-h postcatch from 6.54 to <1 μmol/g, while at the same time Hx was the predominant catabolite with a concentration of 4 μmol/g, reaching 6.85 μmol/g at day 15. K -value data followed a logarithmic pattern with time instead of a linear one, with no change after day 3, thus reducing its suitability as a freshness index. The coefficient Hx/AMP seems to be an adequate alternative for this purpose due to its constant increment with time. The high NH₄Cl content in mantle muscle (461.3 ± 24.5 mg of NH₄⁺/100 g) derived from its physiological importance for the species compromises the use of the distillation step of the TVB-N analysis commonly used as a spoilage index. This fact explains why the initially high value of TVB-N detected in mantle muscle (243.7 mg N/100 g) did not correlate with the initial low TMA-N content (1.5 ± 0.1 mg/100 g of muscle). The results suggested that under the experimental conditions the shelf life of squid exceeds 15 d.     

云南澄江萝卜丝鲊肉的加工技术

萝卜丝鲊肉是云南省抚仙湖畔澄江县具有地方特色的一种腌制食品,其历史悠久,因其色、香、味独具特色而著称于世,深受广大消费者的喜爱。本文以猪头肉、五花肉和白萝卜丝为主要的原辅料,重点介绍萝卜丝鲊肉的加工工艺、配方及加工要点。     

低温贮藏过程中鱿鱼细菌组成的变化及优势腐败菌鉴定

将鱿鱼在0、5、10、15℃有氧贮藏过程中的细菌菌相进行定性和定量分析。研究表明,鱿鱼贮藏初期其细菌组成较复杂,其中91.48%是革兰氏阴性菌,革兰氏阳性菌仅占4.26%,优势菌为气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp.)、浅黄金色单胞菌(Chryseomonas luteola)和假单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas spp.),比例分别为27.66%、23.40%和17.02%。此外,还检测出一定量的洛菲氏不动杆菌(Pantoea agglomerans)、成团泛菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)。0、5、10、15℃贮藏过程中,细菌菌相逐渐变得单一,假单胞菌上升趋势明显,达到高品质期终点分别为360、239、96、47 h,货架期终点分别为525、286、147、86 h。0、5、10、15℃贮藏较好品质期时,TVBN均值为(17.15±0.29)mg/100g,菌落总数为(5.89±0.40)Lg CFU/g,假单胞菌比例分别为84.09%、72.09%、65.52%和76.36%,平均比例为75.92%;货架期终点时TVBN均值为(30.05±0.92)mg/100 g,菌落总数为(8.33±0.30)Lg CFU/g,假单胞菌比例达到93.24%、90.53%、88.57%和81.95%,平均比例为87.63%。由此得出鱿鱼0~15℃贮藏过程中的优势腐败菌是假单胞菌。     

3 种鱿鱼冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白功能特性变化

为探讨阿根廷鱿鱼、北太平洋鱿鱼（以下简称北太鱿鱼）和秘鲁鱿鱼冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的变化情况。将3 种鱿鱼于－18 ℃冰箱中冻藏,分别于0、15、30、45、60、75、90、105 d和120 d进行取样,分析测定鱿鱼肌肉中肌原纤维蛋白质量浓度、溶解性、浊度、乳化能力、Ca2＋-ATPase活力、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、羰基含量和总巯基含量等。结果表明,与未冻藏（0 d）相比,经冻藏120 d后,阿根廷鱿鱼、北太鱿鱼、秘鲁鱿鱼肌原纤维蛋白浊度、羰基含量明显增加;其中,肌原纤维蛋白浊度分别增加至1.303、0.608和1.177,羰基含量分别增加了8.74、13.95 nmol/mg和4.79 nmol/mg。肌原纤维蛋白质量浓度、溶解性、起泡性、泡沫稳定性、乳化活性指数（emulsification activity index,EAI）、乳化稳定性指数（emulsification stability index,ESI）、Ca2＋-ATPase活力和总巯基含量则明显下降,其中阿根廷鱿鱼肌原纤维蛋白质量浓度、溶解度、Ca2＋-ATPase活力和总巯基含量冻藏120 d后依次下降72.22%、69.68%、93.07%和76.66%。冻藏120 d后,阿根廷鱿鱼、北太鱿鱼和秘鲁鱿鱼肌原纤维蛋白的EAI分别下降了10.09、15.48 m2/g和11.63 m2/g,其ESI下降趋势与EAI下降趋势基本一致。北太鱿鱼肌原纤维蛋白起泡性和泡沫稳定性下降较为明显,冻藏120 d后,分别下降了60.00%和8.89%,下降速率明显高于阿根廷鱿鱼和秘鲁鱿鱼。综上,在低温冻藏过程中,3 种鱿鱼肌肉中肌原纤维蛋白理化特性表现出类似的变化趋势,但不同理化特性下降幅度及速率有所不同。     

二氢杨梅素对煎烤鱿鱼片贮藏过程中氧化三甲胺降解及品质的影响

为了降低贮藏鱿鱼制品中甲醛含量和提高鱿鱼制品的贮藏品质,本研究以未加二氢杨梅素的鱿鱼制品为对照,将用质量分数0.2%二氢杨梅素浸泡并烤制的鱿鱼制品在25 ℃条件下贮藏。以氧化三甲胺（trimethylamine oxide,TMAO）含量、甲醛含量、二甲胺含量、三甲胺含量、色差、硫代巴比妥酸值、质构特性、气味和水分变化情况作为评价指标,探究二氢杨梅素对鱿鱼制品贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,二氢杨梅素处理能增强鱿鱼片贮藏过程中的持水性,同时有效延缓煎烤鱿鱼片褐变反应,改善鱿鱼片的颜色变化,降低脂肪氧化程度,提高产品的硬度及弹性,延缓产品在贮藏过程中不良挥发性气味的生成并且抑制TMAO降解,减少甲醛的生成。因此二氢杨梅素能很好地保持煎烤鱿鱼片的贮藏品质。     

Radical scavenging properties of protein hydrolysates from Jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus eschrichitii Steenstrup) skin gelatin

Gelatin extracted from Jumbo flying squid skin was hydrolyzed with serials of protease. The scavenging effects of gelatin hydrolysates on superoxide and hydroxyl radical were assessed by chemiluminescence analysis. Properase E and pepsin have shown efficient hydrolysis of squid skin gelatin to obtain high radical scavenging activity peptides. The conditions chosen for enzymic hydrolysis of squid skin gelatin with properase E were pH 9.0, 45 °C, 3 h reaction time, and enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio of 1:50. Hydrolysates combining properase E and pepsin showed the best radical scavenging activity. For fragmented hydrolysates by ultrafiltration, fractions UF‐2 (M_w < 2000 Da) had high yield and radical scavenging activity. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry