Box-Behnken响应面法优化鱿鱼复水工艺的研究

在单因素实验基础上,选取碱添加量、碱处理时间、碱处理温度为自变量,感官评分、复水比、可溶性蛋白损失量为响应值,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计优化得到干鱿鱼复水的最佳工艺条件为:碱添加量0.33%、碱处理时间8 h、碱处理温度25℃。在此条件下,复水鱿鱼感官评分83.41、复水比2.96、可溶性蛋白损失量9.835 mg/g,与理论感官评分82.10、复水比2.89、可溶性蛋白损失量10.094 mg/g相比,其相对误差分别约为1.57%、2.36%、2.63%。说明通过响应面优化得出的回归方程具有一定的实践指导意义。      

低温贮藏过程中鱿鱼细菌组成的变化及优势腐败菌鉴定

将鱿鱼在0、5、10、15℃有氧贮藏过程中的细菌菌相进行定性和定量分析。研究表明,鱿鱼贮藏初期其细菌组成较复杂,其中91.48%是革兰氏阴性菌,革兰氏阳性菌仅占4.26%,优势菌为气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp.)、浅黄金色单胞菌(Chryseomonas luteola)和假单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas spp.),比例分别为27.66%、23.40%和17.02%。此外,还检测出一定量的洛菲氏不动杆菌(Pantoea agglomerans)、成团泛菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)。0、5、10、15℃贮藏过程中,细菌菌相逐渐变得单一,假单胞菌上升趋势明显,达到高品质期终点分别为360、239、96、47 h,货架期终点分别为525、286、147、86 h。0、5、10、15℃贮藏较好品质期时,TVBN均值为(17.15±0.29)mg/100g,菌落总数为(5.89±0.40)Lg CFU/g,假单胞菌比例分别为84.09%、72.09%、65.52%和76.36%,平均比例为75.92%;货架期终点时TVBN均值为(30.05±0.92)mg/100 g,菌落总数为(8.33±0.30)Lg CFU/g,假单胞菌比例达到93.24%、90.53%、88.57%和81.95%,平均比例为87.63%。由此得出鱿鱼0~15℃贮藏过程中的优势腐败菌是假单胞菌。     

贮藏温度对鱿鱼品质变化的影响及其货架期分析

为探讨贮藏温度对鱿鱼品质变化及货架期的影响,研究了0、5、10、25℃贮藏条件下鱿鱼的色泽、pH、TVB-N、TMA、FA及TVC和感官分值的变化。结果表明,鱿鱼高品质期终点分别为357、180、118、19h,货架期终点分别为425、234、142、28h。贮藏过程中鱿鱼b*值、pH、TVB-N、TMA、TVC都有增加,FA随着贮藏时间呈先下降后上升的趋势。0、5、10、25℃贮藏的鱿鱼高品质期终点和货架期终点时的平均pH分别为（6.78±0.01）、（6.90±0.01）,TVB-N分别为（24.47±1.74）、（31.99±0.93）mg/100g,TMA分别为（6.71±0.90）、（10.23±0.30）mg/100g,FA分别为（1.65±0.94）、（4.22±0.34）mg/kg,TVC分别为（6.28±0.69）、（7.69±0.33）lgCFU/g。因此,贮藏温度越高,鱿鱼越容易腐败,货架期也越短,反之则对鱿鱼品质有利,可延长其货架期。      

Preparation and characteristics of squid pen β‐chitin prepared under optimal deproteinisation and demineralisation condition

Squid (Todarodes pacifica) pen was an excellent source of β‐chitin with 25.5% yield. The optimal condition to prepare squid pen β‐chitin was established: deproteinisation with 3% NaOH for 30 min at 15 psi/121 °C and a solid/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and a subsequent demineralisation with 1 N HCl for 30 min at room temperature and a solid/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v). Squid pen β‐chitin contained 6.29% nitrogen, 0.25% ash, and negligible fat with degree of acetylation of 94.02%, residual amino acid of 0.499 g/100 g and bulk density of 0.28 g mL^?1. Depending on its particle size, squid pen β‐chitin visually looked white (L* = 82.82, a* = ?0.67, b* = 6.31; particle size of 0.15–0.18 mm) or light grey (L* = 62.88, a* = 0.33, b* = 10.66; particle size of 0.425–0.841 mm). Water, fat and dye‐binding capacity of squid pen β‐chitin was 694.67%, 194.03% and 79.81%, respectively.     

不同淀粉在鱿鱼鱼糜制品中的应用

探讨了在鱿鱼鱼糜制品中添加不同种类的淀粉(玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉和变性马铃薯淀粉)以及β-环糊精等对鱿鱼鱼糜制品凝胶性能、弹性、持水力、色泽、风味的影响。结果发现:添加淀粉能有效提高鱿鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度、持水力,但是会使色泽有所下降;而添加β-环糊精能提高鱼糜凝胶白度,但是对提高凝胶强度没有作用。     

3种鱿鱼冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白功能特性变化

为探讨阿根廷鱿鱼、北太平洋鱿鱼(以下简称北太鱿鱼)和秘鲁鱿鱼冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的变化情况.将3种鱿鱼于-18℃C冰箱中冻藏,分别于0、15、30、45、60、75、90、105 d和120 d进行取样,分析测定鱿鱼肌肉中肌原纤维蛋白质量浓度、溶解性、浊度、乳化能力、Ca2+-ATPase活力、起泡性及泡沫稳...     

干鱿鱼Peleg复水模型的建立与复水品质特性

为探讨鱿鱼复水规律及碱法复水对鱿鱼品质特性的影响,本实验以干鱿鱼为研究对象,建立了鱿鱼复水的Peleg吸水模型,研究了不同碱质量浓度对复水鱿鱼品质特性的影响。结果表明：干鱿鱼的吸水曲线符合经典物质吸水曲线,Peleg方程对鱿鱼吸水曲线具有较高的拟合性,相关系数均在0.99以上。随碱质量浓度的增大,复水鱿鱼感官品质呈先变好后变坏的趋势,在0.3 g/100 mL时感官最好;pH值呈递增趋势;L*、a*、b*值、硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、剪切力和蛋白质溶解度均呈递减趋势,黏性和弹性变化不显著;可溶性蛋白溶出量在碱质量浓度0～0.2、0.3～0.4、0.5～0.6 g/100 mL范围内显著增大,在0.2～0.3 g/100 mL和0.4～0.5 g/100 mL范围内变化不显著。     

乳糖对鱿鱼中氧化三甲胺热分解反应动力学的影响

为探究鱿鱼高温氧化三甲胺(TMAO)热分解的内源刺激因子,从热分解动力学角度研究还原糖对TMAO热分解生成甲醛、二甲胺(DMA)和三甲胺(TMA)的影响。高温条件下鱿鱼中TMAO降解生成甲醛、DMA和TMA,而还原糖也表现表现下降。通过体外筛选,发现7种还原糖的添加能显著促进鱿鱼上清和TMAO-Fe(Ⅱ)体系中甲醛的产生,其中半乳糖的刺激作用最强,且对鱿鱼上清和TMAO-Fe(Ⅱ)体系中TMAO热分解产生FA、DMA和TMA也表现相似的促进作用。比较研究了TMAO-Fe(Ⅱ)和TMAO-Fe(Ⅱ)-Gal的热分解动力学,发现FA、DMA、TMA和TMAO含量变化符合零级反应动力学,TMAO热分解分为两个阶段,第一阶段表观活化能高于第二阶段,半乳糖的添加能明显降低活化能。因此,为了控制鱿鱼TMAO分解生成甲醛,在鱿鱼制品加工过程中应降低半乳糖等还原糖的添加。     

Postmortem biochemical behavior of giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) mantle muscle stored in ice and its relation with quality parameters

ABSTRACT:  Several freshness and spoilage indicators were monitored to characterize the postmortem biochemistry of giant squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) mantle muscle. Squid samples were obtained directly from the sea and kept at 0 °C during a 15-d storage period. Data at zero time were obtained from cryogenically frozen samples at time of capture. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) degradation followed a different pattern as compared with that from fish species. ATP was almost completely depleted at 24-h postcatch from 6.54 to <1 μmol/g, while at the same time Hx was the predominant catabolite with a concentration of 4 μmol/g, reaching 6.85 μmol/g at day 15. K -value data followed a logarithmic pattern with time instead of a linear one, with no change after day 3, thus reducing its suitability as a freshness index. The coefficient Hx/AMP seems to be an adequate alternative for this purpose due to its constant increment with time. The high NH₄Cl content in mantle muscle (461.3 ± 24.5 mg of NH₄⁺/100 g) derived from its physiological importance for the species compromises the use of the distillation step of the TVB-N analysis commonly used as a spoilage index. This fact explains why the initially high value of TVB-N detected in mantle muscle (243.7 mg N/100 g) did not correlate with the initial low TMA-N content (1.5 ± 0.1 mg/100 g of muscle). The results suggested that under the experimental conditions the shelf life of squid exceeds 15 d.