水温及浸泡时间对日照绿茶氨基酸含量影响的研究

实验主要研究了水温及浸泡时间对日照绿茶中氨基酸含量的影响。研究表明:水温90℃,浸泡时间30min时,日照绿茶中氨基酸含量较高。     

从雷竹叶中提取茶多酚及其红外光谱的研究

以雷竹叶为原料,按设计的工艺条件,用乙醇提取茶多酚,乙酸乙酯萃取,回收溶剂,大孔树脂精制产物。得到竹叶中的粗茶多酚的含量13.4%,精茶多酚含量为2.60%。以没食子酸为标品、进行提取物及精制茶多酚的红外测试,对其基团归属予以认定,确定产物成分。     

Quantification of 1,8‐cineole and of its metabolites in humans using stable isotope dilution assays

The metabolism of 1,8‐cineole after ingestion of sage tea was studied. After application of the tea, the metabolites 2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 3‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and, for the first time in humans, 7‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole were identified in plasma and urine of one volunteer. For quantitation of these metabolites and the parent compound, stable isotope dilution assays were developed after synthesis of [²H₃]‐1,8‐cineole, [9/10‐²H₃]‐2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and [¹³C,²H₂]‐9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole as internal standards. Using these standards, we quantified 1,8‐cineole by solid phase microextraction GC‐MS and the hydroxyl‐1,8‐cineoles by LC‐MS/MS after deconjugation in blood and urine of the volunteer. After consumption of 1.02 mg 1,8‐cineole (19 μg/kg bw), the hydroxycineoles along with their parent compound were detectable in the blood plasma of the volunteer under study after liberation from their glucuronides with 2‐hydroxycineole being the predominant metabolite at a maximum plasma concentration of 86 nmol/L followed by the 9‐hydroxy isomer at a maximum plasma concentration of 33 nmol/L. The parent compound 1,8‐cineole showed a low maximum plasma concentration of 19 nmol/L. In urine, 2‐hydroxycineole also showed highest contents followed by its 9‐isomer. Summing up the urinary excretion over 10 h, 2‐hydroxycineole, the 9‐isomer, the 3‐isomer and the 7‐isomer accounted for 20.9, 17.2, 10.6 and 3.8% of the cineole dose, respectively.     

Critical parameters in cost-effective alkaline extraction for high protein yield from leaves

Leaves are potential resources for feed or food, but their applications are limited due to a high proportion of insoluble protein and inefficient processing. To overcome these problems, parameters of alkaline extraction were evaluated using green tea residue (GTR). Protein extraction could be maximized to 95% of total protein, and, after precipitation by pH adjustment to 3.5, 85% of extracted protein was recovered with a purity of 52%. Temperature, NaOH amount, and extraction time are the protein yield determining parameters, while pH and volume of extraction liquid are critical parameters for production cost. The cost of energy and chemicals for producing 1 t GTR proteins is minimized to 102€, and its nutritional value is comparable to soybean protein. Furthermore, this technology was successfully applied to other sources of biomass and has potential to be used as a part of an integrated bio-refinery process.     

Addition of phytochemical-rich plant extracts mitigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil/wine mixtures against Escherichia coli O157:H7 but not against Salmonella enterica

Marinades for preparing raw meats for cooking are frequently made of wine and herbs. We simulated several formulations of potential antimicrobial marinades with these components and other food compatible/food derived extracts. Red wine formulations containing essential oils from oregano or thyme, or their primary active components carvacrol and thymol, respectively, and a mixture of plant extract powders from phytochemical-rich apple skin, green tea, and olive, were evaluated for inhibitory activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica. Red wine alone exhibited low activity, as did the plant extract suspended in the wine. Surprisingly, the high activity of oregano or thyme essential oils in red wine was reduced in E. coli, but not in Salmonella, by addition of the plant extract. This study shows that essential oils in red wine can be an effective antimicrobial in food, however the possibility exists that phytochemicals, added to the treatment solution or natively present in the food itself, could adversely impact the antimicrobial activity and should be addressed with future studies.     

Quantitation of estragole by stable isotope dilution assays

Various calibration strategies for the quantitation of the phenylpropane estragole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were developed and compared. For application in stable isotope dilution assays, two deuterium labelled estragole isotopologues were synthesized. Of these, [3′,3′-²H₂]estragole was prepared by Wittig reaction of 4-methoxy-phenylacetaldehyde with [²H₃]methyl-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide, whereas [1″,1″,1″-²H₃]estragole was obtained by demethylation of estragole and deuteromethylation of the resulting 4-allylphenole.Besides estragole isotopologues, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and 4-propylanisole were also tested as internal standards (I.S.) for the determination of estragole in fennel tea.[1″,1″,1″-²H₃]Estragole, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, and 4-propylanisole revealed linear calibration functions and, therefore, were suitable for estragole quantitation. In contrast to this, [3′,3′-²H₂]estragole could only be applied as I.S. if it was added to the extracts in stoichiometric deficiency compared to unlabelled estragole. Moreover, due to its different chemical and physical properties, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene showed a recovery as low as 77%, whereas the other I.S. revealed recovery rates close to 100%. Considering the “real” values of estragole in fennel tea, the choice of the I.S. obviously is less important than the way of preparing the tea. In contrast to the common method for tea preparation, squeezing of the teabags increased the estragole content significantly by 50%.     

Parametric Regionalism

Philip Yuan , Founding Director of Shanghai-based firm Archi-Union Architects, applies parametric techniques to his design and research in China. Here he explains how Parametricism can provide a highly adaptive and open approach to architectural knowledge and spatial organisation, accommodating regional variations in culture and environment, through an emphasis on local climate, materials and craft traditions.     

定向随钻扩孔技术在塔河油田TH10233CH井的应用

受地层及地质避水要求等限制,塔河油田部分φ177.8 mm套管开窗侧钻水平井采用膨胀管复杂地层封堵钻井技术,该技术实施的关键是对复杂泥岩进行扩孔作业。对已实施的5口膨胀管井的扩孔作业进行分析,通过优选开窗侧钻井井斜角、随钻扩孔钻头和中、高速大扭矩螺杆,优化定向随钻扩孔钻井参数及深井小井眼定向随钻测量技术,TH10233CH井在5 542.66~5 884.00 m井段进行了定向随钻扩孔。扩孔段长341.34 m,最大井斜62°,井径满足膨胀管下入和膨胀大于165 mm的要求,保证了膨胀管复杂地层封堵技术在TH10233CH井的成功应用,为塔河油田同类井实施该技术提供了经验。     

QuEChERS提取与气相色谱-电子捕获检测器串联测定茶叶中12种农药残留

建立了Qu ECh ERS提取与气相色谱-电子捕获检测器串联测定茶叶中12种农药残留的方法。试样经一种Qu EChERS方法进行前处理,经GC-ECD检测,基质外标法定量。当农药的添加级别范围在0.05~0.5 mg/kg时,平均回收率为71.6%~109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.29%~11.21%;线性范围为0.05~1μg/m L,最低检出量(LODs)为0.5×10~(-12)~26.1×10~(-12)g,最低检出浓度(LOQs)为0.006~0.05 mg/kg。该方法的准确度、精密度和灵敏度均达到了农药残留检测的要求,可以检测随机在市场上买来的茶叶中多种农药残留情况。