超声波技术在污泥减量化中的应用研究现状

城市污水厂污泥处理处置已成为行业面临的一个难题。本文介绍了超声波技术在污泥减量化中的研究应用现状,重点阐述了其作用机理,超声波对污泥性质、污泥好氧消化和污泥厌氧消化的影响,最后指出了超声波技术在污泥减量化中的研究发展方向。     

蛋白纤维的研究与进展

蛋白纤维是一种具有优异性能的新型材料,有的来自于自然界动物,有的是经生物工程技术或纺丝技术处理后人工加工而成。文中主要综述蛋白纤维的性能、应用及其研究进展和制作方法。     

Comparative evaluation of full‐scale UASB reactors treating alcohol distillery wastewaters in terms of performance and methanogenic activity

In this study, two full‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, namely TUASB and CUASB, at the wastewater treatment plants of the Tekirdaǧ Alcohol (Raki) and Canakkale Alcohol (Cognac) distilleries were investigated in terms of performance, acetoclastic methanogenic capacity and microbial composition. The results were compared with a previously studied other UASB reactor (IUASB) at the wastewater treatment plant of the Istanbul Alcohol (Raki) Distillery from which the two reactors (TUASB and CUASB) were seeded. The IUASB reactor performed well achieving COD removal efficiencies of no lower than 85% at organic logding rates (OLRs) in the range of 6–11 kg COD m⁻³ day⁻¹ between 1996 and 2001. During the last one year of operation, between 2000 and 2001, performance of the CUASB reactor in terms of COD removal efficiency was 70–80% at OLRs in a range of 1–4.5 kg COD m⁻³ day⁻¹ whereas it was 60–80% at OLRs in a range of 2.5–8.5 kg COD m⁻³ day⁻¹ in the TUASB reactor. At the end of year 2000, specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were carried out to determine potential loading capacity and optimum operating conditions of the IUASB, CUASB and TUASB reactors. The potential methane production (PMP) rates of the CUASB, IUASB and TUASB reactors were measured as 230 cm³ CH₄ gVSS⁻¹ day⁻¹, 350 cm³ CH₄ gVSS⁻¹ day⁻¹ and 376 cm³ CH₄ gVSS⁻¹ day⁻¹ respectively. When the PMP rates were compared with actual methane production (AMP) rates obtained from the three UASB reactors, AMP/PMP ratios were evaluated to be 0.18, 0.12 and 0.13 for CUASB, TUASB and IUASB reactors respectively. This showed that the CUASB, TUASB and IUASB reactors were using only 18%, 12% and 13% of their potential acetoclastic methanogenic capacity respectively. These results can be interpreted that the three UASB reactors were underloaded compared with their potential acetoclastic methanogenic capacities. It was, therefore, recommended that the three UASB reactors should be loaded at higher organic loading rates or sludge withdrawn in order to maintain an AMP/PMP ratio of 0.6–0.7, which can ensure desired reactor performance with safer operation. Results of epifluoresence microscopic examinations showed that the percentage of total autofluorescent methanogens was approximately 30% of the total population in sludges from the TUASB and IUASB reactors whereas it was 20% in sludge from the CUASB reactor. The two UASB reactors treating raki distillery wastewaters contained sludges having a higher percentage of autofluorescent methanogenic population and higher acetoclastic methanogenic activity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

加快推进煤矸石资源化综合利用的步伐

对煤矸石的综合利用的重要性、必要性及主要工艺流程做了较详细的论述,有针对性的对煤矸石资源化综合利用方面展开论述,对煤矸石综合利用在煤炭行业可持续发展方面的地位做了系统性的说明。     

白泥的资源化利用研究现状

对造纸白泥和制碱白泥综合利用技术的研究现状进行了综述。探讨了白泥资源化利用的可行方案及存在的问题,分析了白泥利用过程中技术问题的解决途径。     

A three-compartment model for micropollutants sorption in sludge: Methodological approach and insights

In sludge resulting from wastewater treatment, organic micropollutants sorb to particles and to dissolved/colloidal matter (DCM). Both interactions may influence their physical and biological fate throughout the wastewater treatment processes. To our knowledge, sludge has never been considered as a three-compartment matrix, in which micropollutants coexist in three states: freely dissolved, sorbed-to-particles and sorbed-to-DCM. A methodology is proposed to concomitantly determine equilibrium constants of sorption to particles (K_part) and to DCM (K_DCM). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were chosen as model compounds for the experiments. The logarithm of estimated equilibrium constants ranged from 3.1 to 4.3 and their usual correlation to PAH hydrophobicity was verified. Moreover, PAH affinities for particles and for DCM could be compared. Affinity for particles was found to be stronger, probably due to their physical and chemical characteristics. This work provided a useful tool to assess the freely dissolved, sorbed-to-particles and sorbed-to-DCM concentrations of contaminants, which are necessary to accurately predict their fate. Besides, guidelines to investigate the link between sorption and the fundamental concept of bioavailability were proposed.     

离子膜法烧碱生产中废水的再利用

介绍了中泰化学米东工业园自然循环离子膜电解制碱装置，在二次盐水工序树脂塔再生及32％碱浓缩成片碱过程中．废水综合利用措施。     

再谈氯碱氢深度脱水工艺

概述了氢气的主要生产方法、实际应用以及氯碱工业近年来的产能情况。详细介绍了氯碱氢的深度脱水工艺流程,并结合氯碱氢深度脱水装置的调试情况,对氯碱氢的脱水原理、氯碱氢深度脱水装置脱水效果的最佳工况选择做了进一步的研究。     

真空预压法在道路软基处理工程中的应用

以真空预压处理海相淤泥软基的工程为例，通过对真空预压施工工艺流程及监测数据的分析，得出：真空预压加固法是对海相淤泥地基行之有效的地基处理方法，其加固效果和经济效益明显，加固后固结度和工后沉降量都达到了设计要求。