锐孔法制作食醋微胶囊

以液态发酵醋为材料,采用锐孔-凝固浴法制作食醋微胶囊,研究海藻酸钠浓度、CaCl2浓度、食醋酸度、操作温度4个参数对食醋微胶囊化效果的影响,利用响应面分析法优化工艺条件。结果表明:操作温度(x4)、海藻酸钠浓度的二次方(x12)、食醋酸度(x3)和操作温度(x4)的交互作用(x3x4)对包埋率的影响极显著。优化回归模型为y=47.78+2.10x1+4.37x4-4.14x12+1.70x22-4.01x3x4,可用于预测食醋微胶囊的包埋率。优化条件为,海藻酸钠浓度30g/L、CaCl2浓度5g/L、食醋酸度4%、操作温度为45℃,包埋率可达75.52%。食醋胶囊为米黄色,颗粒圆整,大小均匀,具有较好的硬度和弹性。     

保温后熟及陈酿条件与玫瑰醋色泽形成的相关性研究

研究引入了色率、黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰紫指数的概念,建立了对玫瑰醋色泽进行量化评价的方法。即将食醋稀释50％后,5000r／min离心30min,取上清液分别测其在波长460nm、510nm、530nm、610nm处的吸光度值,分别用10×lg（OD460nm／OD610nm）、10×lg（OD510nm／OD610nm）、10×lg（OD530nm／OD610nm）、OD610nm×20000／0．076来表示食醋的黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰醋紫指数和色率,并用这种方法评价了保温后熟及保藏条件对食醋色泽的影响。通过试验发现在试验设计的保温时间范围内,色率随保温时间的增加呈下降趋势;黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰紫指数随着保温时间缓慢增大;常温保藏比4℃保藏样品的色率更高,而黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰紫指数则是4℃保藏样品比常温保藏的高。     

Physicochemical properties,antioxidant activity and inhibition of α‐glucosidase of a novel fermented pepper (Capsiccum annuum L.) leaves‐based vinegar

The aim of this study was to utilise by‐product pepper leaves for vinegar production due to its nutritional value. Changes in physicochemical and functional properties in four main process from raw material (leaves) to lactic acid (juice), alcohol (wine) and acetic acid (vinegar) fermentations were evaluated and compared. Their nutritional compositions were significantly different and particularly the wine and vinegar had higher total phenol content and their expanded diversity than the juice and then leaves (P < 0.05). Difference in values for phenolic compound was highly correlated with their α‐glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and antioxidant capacities in DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging and reducing power assays (r = 0.919–0.981); vinegar ≥ wine > juice > leaves. Especially, AGI activity was greatly enhanced depending on fermentation steps beyond expectation. Thus, these data confirm that pepper leaves is a good functional source and the vinegar fermentation improved the functionality in stages.     

膜技术在传统调味品生产中的应用

膜分离技术是一种高效分离技术，它具有无相变、能耗低和操作方便等优点，已在传统调味品生产中开始应用，并体现出巨大的优越性。对膜技术的分离原理、膜组件以及影响膜通量的因素等进行了介绍，并探讨了各种膜分离技术在酱油、食醋等发酵调味品生产及废水处理中的应用。     

响应面法优化熏干草果油树脂提取工艺及成分分析

为获得熏干草果（SDAT）油树脂提取的最佳工艺条件,以提取溶剂、提取温度、料液比、提取时间和细度为影响因素,在单因素实验的基础上,应用Box-Benhnken方法进行三因素三水平的实验设计,以SDAT油树脂提取得率为响应值,运用响应面法(RSM)对提取条件进行进一步的优化。并采用GC-TOF-MS对SDAT油树脂成分进行检测分析。结果表明,SDAT油树脂的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度75 ℃,料液比1:20（g/mL）,提取时间7 h。回归方程预测SDAT油树脂得率理论值可达9.57%,3次验证实验的平均得率为9.48%,预测值与实际结果接近。采用GC-TOF-MS对SDAT油树脂成分进行检测分析,鉴定出化合物成分有58种,分别是醇类（31.59%）、醛类（21.13%）、烯类（1.23%）、酮类（1.56%）、酯类（2.38%）、酚类（0.79%）,主要化合物有1,8桉叶醇（9.28%）、α-萜品醇（3.55%）、香叶醇（8.4%）、反式柠檬醛（5.78%）、2-甲基-3-苯基丙醛（6.33%）等。通过SDAT油树脂最佳工艺的确定,检测出的成分主要集中在醇类和醛类,这为后期草果油树脂的营养成分以及生物活性提供理论依据。     

永春老醋不同生产阶段细菌和真菌多样性动态变化特征分析

以16S rRNA和18S rRNA基因为分子标记,应用高通量测序技术分析了福建永春老醋发酵中(Y1)、1个月成品(Y2)、1年陈酿(Y3)和10年陈酿(Y4)共4个不同生产阶段中的细菌与真菌群落多样性.结果表明,对于细菌组成,Y1、Y2和Y3三个阶段优势菌纲皆为 α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)...     

固相萃取辅助提取-气相色谱-质谱分析烟熏腊猪肉香气成分

采用固相萃取辅助提取中国西南地区传统食品-烟熏腊猪肉的香气成分,用气相色谱法以邻二氯苯为内标对提取的烟熏腊猪肉香气成分进行定量分析,用气相色谱-质谱联用法对提取的烟熏腊猪肉香气成分进行定性分析。共鉴定出29个化合物,烟熏腊猪肉的重要香味成分有:2,5-二苯基-3-(2-呋喃甲酰基)吡咯、二苯胺、苯并噻唑、乙酰苯酚酯、对甲苯酚、3-乙基苯酚、4-乙基愈创木酚、对-甲基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、硬脂醛、α-异佛尔酮、2-甲基-1-十六醇、2,6-二叔丁基-4-羟基-4-甲基-2,5-环己二烯-1-酮等。     

Cornus officinalis vinegar reduces body weight and attenuates hepatic steatosis in mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

This study aimed to determine the main bioactive components of Cornus officinalis vinegar (COV) and assess the effects of COV on the body weight (BW) and hepatic steatosis in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. Seven-week-old KM female mice were divided into five treatment groups: (1) Normal control (NC) group, (2) high fat diet (HFD) group, (3) low concentration treatment group (3.5% COV), (4) medium concentration treatment group (5.0% COV), and (5) high concentration treatment group (6.5% COV). Mice in the NC group were fed with a normal chow diet, and those in the other four groups were fed with a HFD known for causing obesity for 10 weeks. Then, mice in the three COV treatment groups were orally administered with COV once a day for 6 weeks. Results showed that the contents of loganin and morroniside in COV reached 16.82 and 51.17 µg/ml, respectively, and COV also contained multiple organic acids. COV significantly reduced BW, abdominal fat weight, liver weight, and the levels of glucose, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of serum and increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of serum (p < 0.05). COV also improved the liver function and anti-oxidant activity of liver (p < 0.05). COV treatments increased the interleukin-10 expression and reduced the tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the liver tissue of NAFLD mice (p < 0.05). Histopathological observation revealed that COV suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. The results suggest that COV may contribute to the alleviation of NAFLD and obesity.     

应用近红外光谱对老陈醋进行定性定量的检测研究

利用近红外光谱结合DA和PLS算法在不同光谱预处理方法下,对山西老陈醋醋龄进行定性判别分析,并建立陈醋可溶性固形物(SSC)及pH值的定量模型.结果表明:原始光谱、5点平滑以及SNV校正建立的DA模型性能良好,校正集判别正确率为100％,预测集判别正确率为88.89％;原始光谱建立的可溶性固形物的PLS定量模型最优,校正集和预测集的相关系数r分别为0.99988和0.99960,RMSEC,RMSEP和RMSECV分别为0.0421,0.0911和0.0777;5点平滑建立的pH值的PLS定量模型最优,校正集和预测集的相关系数r分别为0.99733和0.97411,RMSEC,RMSEP和RMSECV分别为0.0151,0.0386和0.0468.