武汉面点小吃的地方特色

我国在主食上形成了“南米北面”的格局。武汉受区域位置的影响,其面点小吃在选料上呈现出米面结合的特色。特殊的地理环境使武汉的饮食物产极其丰富,人们在长期的饮食生活中形成了软糯鲜香的口味审美特征。并由于武汉的饮食物产、武汉人的饮食追求以及各地的文化交融,形成了武汉面点小吃以酵面、米浆、肉糖制馅、蒸炸为主的工艺特色。     

Impact of thermoplastic extrusion process on chemical,nutritional, technological and sensory properties of gluten-free breakfast cereals from pigmented rice

The black rice and red rice varieties cultivated in Brazil are rich in dietary fibres, proteins, and phenolic compounds with great antioxidant potential, being a promising alternative for the production of healthy gluten-free snacks. In this study, pigmented rice flours and their respective extrudates were characterised for the nutrient profile, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, technological properties and colour aspects, and the results were compared through heat map analysis. Black rice snacks presented better nutrient and phenolic profiles, while the red rice snacks stood out for the expansion and texture properties. Both breakfast cereals were nutritive, gluten-free, hypoallergenic, naturally coloured (no need to add artificial colorants) and presented good sensory acceptance, with the higher scores for the attributes shape, size, colour and crispness.     

Co‐extrusion of pearl millet‐whey protein concentrate for expanded snacks

A study was conducted to develop pearl millet‐based extruded snacks with whey protein concentrate (WPC) to enhance its acceptability and nutritional value. Pearl millet grits (841 μ) was extruded with different levels (0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%) of WPC at constant feed rate (10.5 kg h^?1) and moisture content (14%). Addition of whey protein at 7.5% level significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased T_g from 75.1 ± 0.26 °C to 120.5 ± 1.28 °C and T_m from 89.1 ± 1.51 °C to 158.7 ± 1.37 °C, which resulted in less expanded and harder extrudates. The expansion index of extrudates was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with protein (r = ?0.940), bulk density (r = ?0.949), hardness (r = ?0.971) and breaking strength (r = ?0.921), while positively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with overall acceptability (OAA; r = 0.988). Keeping in view the nutritional, textural and consumer's acceptability, incorporation of 5% WPC in pearl millet grits (841 μ) was recommended for preparation of acceptable expanded snacks.     

构建地方特色小吃数据库研究——以旅游城市乐山为例

特色小吃流行于民间，以其风味独特、价格便宜，源远流长、历史悠久、积淀丰富等特点，越来越被人们接受和欢迎。尤其是在旅游城市，小吃与旅游相结合，小吃与非物质文化遗产联系起来，有效推动了旅游和特色小吃的互动发展。文章以旅游城市乐山为例，对特色小吃数据库的结构设计、建设标准与规范以及后期维护与更新等问题进行了探讨。     

Mitigation measures for acrylamide reduction in dough-based potato snacks during their expansion by frying

ABSTRACT

Acrylamide (AA) can occur in fried and baked food products which contain reducing sugars and free asparagine. Recently, the European Commission established mitigation measures and benchmark levels for the reduction of AA in food. The content of reducing sugars in raw materials and the temperature and time of the expansion process by frying were considered in this study of the preparation of dough-based potato snacks, mainly destined for children. Final moisture and bulk density were also evaluated. An increase from 0.15 to 1.0% in reducing sugar content, due to the addition of micro-ingredients in the dough, caused a remarkable AA increase of five- to six-fold. During frying at temperatures between 175 and 195°C, AA was produced after only a few seconds; the AA content was affected more by process time than by temperature. The best temperature/time conditions for expansion by frying were 185°C for 8 s.     

Commercial processed food may have endocrine-disrupting potential: soy-based ingredients making the difference

Processed and packaged food items as well as ready-to-eat snacks are neglected and poorly characterised sources of human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this study we investigated the presence of xenoestrogens in commercially processed and packaged Finnish foods, arising from substances deliberately added or inadvertently contaminating the food, substances formed as a result of food processing, or substances leaching from food packaging materials. Samples were obtained in three separate batches of equivalent products from both a supermarket and a local representative of a global chain of hamburger restaurants and extracted by a solid-phase extraction method. Their endocrine-disrupting potential was determined by yeast bioluminescent assay, using two recombinant yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae BMAEREluc/ERα and S. cerevisiae BMA64/luc. In this test system, the majority of samples (both foodstuffs and wrappers) analysed proved negative. However, all batches of industrially prepared hamburgers (but not those obtained from a hamburger restaurant) as well as pepper salami significantly induced luciferase activity in the BMAEREluc/ERα yeast strain indicating the presence of xenoestrogens, with estradiol equivalents of these products ranging from 0.2 to 443 pg g^–1. All three products contained soy-based ingredients, which apparently accounted for, or at least contributed to, their high estrogenic activity, since no signal in the assay was observed with extracts of the packaging material, while two different soy sauces tested yielded an intense signal (28 and 54 pg ml^–1 estradiol-equivalent). These findings imply that by and large chemicals arising in the processing or packaging of foodstuffs in Finland constitute an insignificant source of xenoestrogens to consumers. However, soy-derived ingredients in certain food items might render the entire products highly estrogenic. The estrogenic activity of soy is attributed to isoflavones whose health effects – though widely considered beneficial – are controversial. As hamburgers are a popular type of food among children, the findings are noteworthy and possibly of concern.     

The effects of fish meat and fish bone addition on nutritional value,texture and microstructure of optimised fried snacks

The aim of present study was to prepare the micro size fish bone dispersion (F.B) by a novel method and fortified in snacks based on wheat flour (W.F) with fish meat (F.M) addition. A formulation blend of W.F 10–50 g, potato powder (P.P) 0–40 g, F.M 0–30 g and F.B 0–20 g was used to investigate different responses using response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that F.M significantly (P < 0.05) influenced on protein content and inverse relation with water holding capacity (WHC) and hardness. Whereas, F.B increased hardness, ash and calcium contents but decreased WHC, expansion and colour parameters. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the effect of independent variables on morphology of the product. Optimised formulation (w/w) was W.F 35.71%, P.P 28.57%, F.M 21.42% and F.B 14.28% with 37% bioavailable calcium, improved texture and nutritional value.     

GPC-GC-MS 测定糕点和麻辣食品中的富马酸二甲酯

建立快速凝胶柱的全自动凝胶净化系统(gel permeation chromatography,GPC)-气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测食品中防腐剂富马酸二甲酯。以环己烷:乙酸乙酯(1:1,V/V)为提取液,利用GPC对样品进行净化和浓缩,应用选择离子监测(selected ion monitoring,SIM)模式,以m/z 113、85、59为定量离子,GC-MS进行定性和定量分析,建立富马酸二甲酯的提取和检测方法。该方法回归方程为Y=4018974X－56743,线性范围为0.02～20.0mg/L,相关系数0.9991,检出限为0.02mg/kg,添加水平为0.05、0.5、1.5mg/kg时加标回收率为89.5%～94.0%、相对标准偏差为4.0%～5.7%(n=6)。结果表明,该法具有回收率高、检出限低、自动化程度高等优势。